and note.  The other two are Riwallawn Walth Banhadlen, and Llacheu son of Arthur. [15] The only instance in which I have found medicine directly connected with the knightly order is in the case of the warrior clan of the Samurai, in Japan, where members, physically unfitted for the task of a warrior, were trained as Royal Doctors, the Folk Doctors being recruited from a class below the Samurai.  Cf.  Medizin der Natur-Völker, Bartels, p. 65.

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER VIII

[1] Cf.  OEuvres de Ruteboeuf, Kressner, p. 115. [2] My attention was drawn to the poem by references to it in The Mediaeval Stage, Chambers.

CHAPTER IX

[1] Cf. my Sir Gawain and the Grail Castle, pp. 3-30.  The best text is that of Ms. B.N., fonds Franç. 12576, ff. 87vo-91.  The above remarks apply also to the Elucidation, which is using a version of the Bleheris form. [2] B.N. 12577, fo. 136vo. [3] Cf.  Sir Gawain at the Grail Castle, pp. 33-46. [4] Cf.  B.N. 12576, ff. 220-222vo and fo. 258. [5] Hucher, Le Saint Graal, Vo.  I. pp. 251 et seq., 315 et seq. [6] Cf.  Modena Ms. pp. 11, 12, 21, etc.; Dr Nitze, The Fisher-King in the Grail Romances, p. 373, says Borron uses the term Rice Pescheur, as opposed to the Roi Pescheur of Chrétien.  This remark is only correct as applied to the Joseph. [7] Modena Ms p. 61 and note. [8] Ibid. p. 63. [9] The evidence of the Parzival and the parallel Grail sections of Sone de Nansai, which appear to repose ultimately on a source common to all three authors, makes this practically certain. [10] This is surely a curious omission, if the second King were as essential a part of the scheme as Dr Nitze supposes. [11] Cf.  Chapter 2, p. —–. [12] I cannot agree with Dr Nitze’s remark (op. cit. p. 374) that “in most versions the Fisher King has a mysterious double.”  I hold that feature to be a peculiarity of the Chrétien-Wolfram group.  It is not found in the Gawain versions, in Wauchier, nor in Manessier.  Gerbert is using the Queste in the passage relative to Mordrains, and for the reason stated above I hold that heither Queste nor Grand Saint Graal should be cited when we are dealing, as Dr Nitze is here dealing, with questions of ultimate origin. [13] Cf. my Legend of Sir Lancelot, pp. 167 and 168. [14] Cf.  Heinzel, Ueber die Alt-Franz.  Gral-Romanen, pp. 136 and 137. [15] Cf.  Legend of Sir Perceval, Vol.  II. p. 343, note.  These three kings are found in the curious Merlin Ms. B.N., f.  Franç. 337, fo. 249 et seq. [16] Vide supra, pp. —–. —–. [17] Op. cit. p. 184. [18] Cf.  Chapter 5, p. —–­, Chap. 7, p. —–. [19] Diû Crone, ll. 17329 et seq. [20] In the Parzival Titurel is grandfather to Anfortas, Frimutel intervening; critics of the poem are apt to overlook this difference between the German and French versions. [21] Cf.  Chapter 2, p. —–. [22] Cf. here my notes