kindred cult of Attis, which as we shall see later
forms an important link in our chain of evidence.
The two cults are practically identical and scholars
are frequently at a loss to which group surviving
fragments of the ritual should be assigned. [13]
In this connection note the extremely instructive remarks
of Miss Harrison in the chapter on Herakles in the
work referred to above. She points out that the
Eniautos Daimon never becomes entirely and Olympian,
but always retains traces of his ‘Earth’
origin. This principle is particularly well
illustrated by Adonis, who, though, admitted to Olympus
as the lover of Aphrodite, is yet by this very nature
forced to return to the earth, and descend to the realm
of Persephone. This agrees well with the conclusion
reached by Baudissin (Adonis und Esmun, p. 71) that
Adonis belongs to “einer Klasse von Wesen sehr
unbestimmter Art, die wohl über den Menschen aber unter
den grossen Göttern stehen.” [14] Cf. Vellay,
op. cit. p. 93. Dulaure, Des Divinités Génératrices.
If Baudissin is correct, and the introduction of the
Boar a later addition to the story, it would seem
to indicate the intrusion of a phallic element into
ritual which at first, like that of Tammuz, dealt
merely with the death of the god. The Attis form,
on the contrary, appears to have been phallic from
the first. Cf. Baudissin, Adonis und Esmun,
p. 160. [15] Op. cit. p. 83. [16] Cf. L. von
Schroeder, Vollendung den Arischen Mysterium, p. 14.
[17] It may be well to explain the exact meaning attached
to these terms by the author. In Professor von
Schroeder’s view Mysterium may be held to connote
a drama in which the gods themselves are actors; Mimus
on the contrary, is the term applied to a drama which
treats of the doings of mortals. [18] Op. cit.
Vol. II. p. 647. [19] Op. cit. p. 115.
Much of the uncertainty as to date is doubtless due
to the reflective influence of other forms of the cult;
the Tammuz celebrations were held from June 20th,
to July 20th, when the Dog-star Sirius was in the
ascendant, and vegetation failed beneath the heat of
the summer sun. In other, and more temperate,
climates the date would fall later. Where, however,
the cult was an off-shoot of a Tammuz original (as
might be the case through emigration) the tendency
would be to retain the original date. [20] Cf.
Vellay, op. cit. p. 55; Mannhardt, Vol. II. pp.
277-78, for a description of the feast. With
regard to the order and sequence of the celebration
cf. Miss Harrison’s remark, Themis, p. 415:
“In the cyclic monotony of the Eniautos Daimon
it matters little whether Death follows Resurrection,
or Resurrection, Death.” [21] Cf. Mannhardt,
supra, p. —–. [22] Cf. Vellay, op.
cit. p. 103. This seems also to have been the
case with Tammuz, cf. Ezekiel, Chap. viii. v.
14. [23] Cf. Frazer, The Golden Bough, under
heading Adonis. [24] Vellay, p. 130, Mannahrdt, Vol.
II. p. 287; note the writer’s suggestion that
the women here represent the goddess, the stranger,