given its name to the adjacent sea?  And this may have been the starting-point of the Phoenicians in their European migrations.  It would even appear that there was an island of Erythea.  In the Greek mythology the tenth labor of Hercules consisted in driving away the cattle of Geryon, who lived in the island of Erythea, “an island somewhere in the remote west, beyond the Pillars of Hercules.” (Murray’s “Mythology,” p. 257.) Hercules stole the cattle from this remote oceanic island, and, returning drove them “through Iberia, Gaul, over the Alps, and through Italy.” (Ibid.) It is probable that a people emigrating from the Erythraean Sea, that is, from the Atlantic, first gave their name to a town on the coast of Spain, and at a later date to the Persian Gulf—­as we have seen the name of York carried from England to the banks of the Hudson, and then to the Arctic Circle.

The builders of the Central American cities are reported to have been a bearded race.  The Phoenicians, in common with the Indians, practised human sacrifices to a great extent; they worshipped fire and water, adopted the names of the animals whose skins they wore—­that is to say, they had the totemic system—­telegraphed by means of fires, poisoned their arrows, offered peace before beginning battle, and used drums.  (Bancroft’s “Native Races,” vol. v., p. 77.)

The extent of country covered by the commerce of the Phoenicians represents to some degree the area of the old Atlantean Empire.  Their colonies and trading-posts extended east and west from the shores of the Black Sea, through the Mediterranean to the west coast of Africa and of Spain, and around to Ireland and England; while from north to south they ranged from the Baltic to the Persian Gulf.  They touched every point where civilization in later ages made its appearance.  Strabo estimated that they had three hundred cities along the west coast of Africa.  When Columbus sailed to discover a new world, or re-discover an old one, he took his departure from a Phoenician seaport, founded by that great race two thousand five hundred years previously.  This Atlantean sailor, with his Phoenician features, sailing from an Atlantean port, simply re-opened the path of commerce and colonization which had been closed when Plato’s island sunk in the sea.  And it is a curious fact that Columbus had the antediluvian world in his mind’s eye even then, for when he reached the mouth of the Orinoco he thought it was the river Gihon, that flowed out of Paradise, and he wrote home to Spain, “There are here great indications suggesting the proximity of the earthly Paradise, for not only does it correspond in mathematical position with the opinions of the holy and learned theologians, but all other signs concur to make it probable.”

Sanchoniathon claims that the learning of Egypt, Greece, and Judaea was derived from the Phoenicians.  It would appear probable that, while other races represent the conquests or colonizations of Atlantis, the Phoenicians succeeded to their arts, sciences, and especially their commercial supremacy; and hence the close resemblances which we have found to exist between the Hebrews, a branch of the Phoenician stock, and the people of America.