of the Caucasus into one body, and designates them as “dark whites.”  The Himyarite Arabs, as I have shown, derived their name originally from their red color, and they were constantly depicted on the Egyptian monuments as red or light brown.  Herodotus tells us that there was a nation of Libyans, called the Maxyans, who claimed descent from the people of Troy (the walls of Troy, we shall see, were built by Poseidon; that is to say, Troy was an Atlantean colony).  These Maxyans painted their whole bodies red.  The Zavecians, the ancestors of the Zuavas of Algiers (the tribe that gave their name to the French Zouaves), also painted themselves red.  Some of the Ethiopians were “copper-colored.” ("’Amer.  Cyclop.,” art.  Egypt, p. 464.) Tylor says ("Anthropology,” p. 160):  “The language of the ancient Egyptians, though it cannot be classed in the Semitic family with Hebrew, has important points of correspondence, whether due to the long intercourse between the two races in Egypt or to some deeper ancestral connection; and such analogies also appear in the Berber languages of North Africa.”

These last were called by the ancients the Atlanteans.

“If a congregation of twelve representatives from Malacca, China, Japan, Mongolia, Sandwich Islands, Chili, Peru, Brazil, Chickasaws, Comanches, etc., were dressed alike, or undressed and unshaven, the most skilful anatomist could not, from their appearance, separate them.” (Fontaine’s “How the World was Peopled,” pp. 147, 244.)

Ferdinand Columbus, in his relation of his father’s voyages, compares the inhabitants of Guanaani to the Canary Islanders (an Atlantean race), and describes the inhabitants of San Domingo as still more beautiful and fair.  In Peru the Charanzanis, studied by M. Angraud, also resemble the Canary Islanders.  L’Abbe Brasseur de Bourbourg imagined himself surrounded by Arabs when all his Indians of Rabinal were around him; for they had, he said, their complexion, features, and beard.  Pierre Martyr speaks of the Indians of the Parian Gulf as having fair hair. ("The Human Species,” p. 201.) The same author believes that tribes belonging to the Semitic type are also found in America.  He refers to “certain traditions of Guiana, and the use in the country of a weapon entirely characteristic of the ancient Canary Islanders.”

When science is able to disabuse itself of the Mortonian theory that the aborigines of America are all red men, and all belong to one race, we may hope that the confluence upon the continent of widely different races from different countries may come to be recognized and intelligently studied.  There can be no doubt that red, white, black, and yellow men have united to form the original population of America.  And there can be as little doubt that the entire population of Europe and the south shore of the Mediterranean is a mongrel race—­a combination, in varying proportions, of a dark-brown or red race with a white race; the characteristics of the different nations