Same, the great name of Brazilian legend, came across the ocean from the rising sun.  He had power over the elements and tempests; the trees of the forests would recede to make room for him (cutting down the trees); the animals used to crouch before him (domesticated animals); lakes and rivers became solid for him (boats and bridges); and he taught the use of agriculture and magic.  Like him, Bochica, the great law-giver of the Muyscas, and son of the sun—­he who invented for them the calendar and regulated their festivals—­had a white beard, a detail in which all the American culture-heroes agree.  The “Same” of Brazil was probably the “Zamna” of Yucatan.

Elephantmound, Wisconsin.

4.  We find in America numerous representations of the elephant.  We are forced to one of two conclusions:  either the monuments date back to the time of the mammoth in North America, or these people held intercourse at some time in the past with races who possessed the elephant, and from whom they obtained pictures of that singular animal.  Plato tells us that the Atlanteans possessed great numbers of elephants.

There are in Wisconsin a number of mounds of earth representing different animals-men, birds, and quadrupeds.

Elephant pipe, LOISA county, Iowa.

Among the latter is a mound representing an elephant, “so perfect in its proportions, and complete in its representation of an elephant, that its builders must have been well acquainted with all the physical characteristics of the animal which they delineated.”  We copy the representation of this mound on page 168.

On a farm in Louisa County, Iowa, a pipe was ploughed up which also represents an elephant.  We are indebted to the valuable work of John T. Short ("The North Americans of Antiquity,” p. 530) for a picture of this singular object.  It was found in a section where the ancient mounds were very abundant and rich in relics.  The pipe is of sandstone, of the ordinary Mound-Builder’s type, and has every appearance of age and usage.  There can be no doubt of its genuineness.  The finder had no conception of its archaeological value.

In the ruined city of Palenque we find, in one of the palaces, a stucco bass-relief of a priest.  His elaborate head-dress or helmet represents very faithfully the head of an elephant.  The cut on page 169 is from a drawing made by Waldeck.

The decoration known as “elephant-trunks” is found in many parts of the ancient ruins of Central America, projecting from above the door-ways of the buildings.

In Tylor’s “Researches into the Early History of Mankind,” p. 313, I find a remarkable representation of an elephant, taken from an ancient Mexican manuscript.  It is as follows: 

Mexican representation of elephant.

CHAPTER IV.

Corroborating circumstances.