mountains, lakes and islands, formerly regarded with aversion, into a fairyland peopled with creatures whose joys and sorrows appealed irresistibly to every breast.  Shortly after its publication began to flow that stream of tourists and travellers which tends to make Switzerland not only more celebrated but more opulent every year.  It, is one of the few romances written in the epistolary form that do not oppress the reader with a sense of languor and unreality; for its creator poured into its pages a tide of passion unknown to his frigid and stilted predecessors, and dared to depict Nature as she really is, not as she was misrepresented by the modish authors and artists of the age.  Some persons seem shy of owning an acquaintance with this work; indeed, it has been made the butt of ridicule by the disciples of a decadent school.  Its faults and its beauties are on the surface; Rousseau’s own estimate is freely expressed at the beginning of the eleventh book of the Confessions and elsewhere.  It might be wished that the preface had been differently conceived and worded; for the assertion made therein that the book may prove dangerous has caused it to be inscribed on a sort of Index, and good folk who never read a line of it blush at its name.  Its “sensibility,” too, is a little overdone, and has supplied the wits with opportunities for satire; for example, Canning, in his ‘New Morality’: 

              “Sweet Sensibility, who dwells enshrined
               In the fine foldins of the feeling mind.... 
               Sweet child of sickly Fancy!-her of yore
               From her loved France Rousseau to exile bore;
               And while ’midst lakes and mountains wild he ran,
               Full of himself, and shunned the haunts of man,
               Taught her o’er each lone vale and Alpine, steep
               To lisp the story of his wrongs and weep.”

As might be imagined, Voltaire had slight sympathy with our social reformer’s notions and ways of promulgating them, and accordingly took up his wonted weapons—­sarcasm and ridicule—­against poor Jean-Jacques.  The quarrels of these two great men cannot be described in this place; but they constitute an important chapter in the literary and social history of the time.  In the work with which we are immediately concerned, the author seems to avoid frequent mention of Voltaire, even where we should most expect it.  However, the state of his mind when he penned this record of his life should be always remembered in relation to this as well as other occurrences.

Rousseau had intended to bring his autobiography down to a later date, but obvious causes prevented this:  hence it is believed that a summary of the chief events that marked his closing years will not be out of place here.