At home Alberoni proposed many useful reforms, and endeavoured to diminish the expenses of the royal household.  He thought, with reason, that a strong navy was the necessary basis of the power of Spain; and to create one he endeavoured to economise the public money.  He flattered the King with the idea that next year he would arm forty vessels to protect the commerce of the Spanish Indies.  He had the address to boast of his disinterestedness, in that whilst working at all manner of business he had never received any grace from the King, and lived only on fifty pistoles, which the Duke of Parma, his master, gave him every month; and therefore he made gently some complaints against the ingratitude of princes.

Alberoni had persuaded the Queen of Spain to keep her husband shut up, as had the Princesse des Ursins.  This was a certain means of governing a prince whose temperament and whose conscience equally attached him to his spouse.  He was soon completely governed once more—­under lock and key, as it were, night and day.  By this means the Queen was jailoress and prisoner at the same time.  As she was constantly with the King nobody could come to her.  Thus Alberoni kept them both shut up, with the key of their prison in his pocket.

One of the chief objects of his ambition was the Cardinal’s hat.  It would be too long to relate the schemes he set on foot to attain his end.  He was opposed by a violent party at Rome; but at last his inflexible will and extreme cunning gained the day.  The Pope, no longer able to resist the menaces of the King of Spain, and dreading the vengeance of the all-powerful minister, consented to grant the favour that minister had so pertinaciously demanded.  Alberoni was made Cardinal on the 12th of July, 1717.  Not a soul approved this promotion when it was announced at the consistory.  Not a single cardinal uttered a word in praise of the new confrere, but many openly disapproved his nomination.  Alberoni’s good fortune did not stop here.  At the death, some little time after, of the Bishop of Malaga, that rich see, worth thirty thousand ecus a year, was given to him.  He received it as the mere introduction to the grandest and richest sees of Spain, when they should become vacant.  The King of Spain gave him also twenty thousand ducats, to be levied upon property confiscated for political reasons.  Shortly after, Cardinal Arias, Archbishop of Seville, having died, Alberoni was named to this rich archbishopric.

In the middle of his grandeur and good luck he met with an adventure that must have strangely disconcerted him.

I have before explained how Madame des Ursins and the deceased Queen had kept the King of Spain screened from all eyes, inaccessible to all his Court, a very palace-hermit.  Alberoni, as I have said, followed their example.  He kept the King even more closely imprisoned than before, and allowed no one, except a few indispensable attendants, to approach him.  These attendants were a small number of valets and doctors, two gentlemen of the chamber, one or two ladies, and the majordomo-major of the King.  This last post was filled by the Duc d’Escalone, always called Marquis de Villena, in every way one of the greatest noblemen in Spain, and most respected and revered of all, and justly so, for his virtue, his appointment, and his services.