to Philip till 1339, when he proclaimed himself King
of France, and quartered the lilies of France on the
royal shield. The Flemish proved a very reed;
and though the French army came up to meet the English
in the Vermando country, no fighting took place, and
the campaign of 1339 ended obscurely. Norman
and Genoese ships threatened the southern shores of
England, landing at Southampton and in the Isle of
Wight unopposed. In 1340 Edward returned to Flanders;
on his way he attacked the French fleet which lay
at Sluys, and utterly destroyed it. The great
victory of Sluys gave England for centuries the mastery
of the British channel. But, important as it
was, it gave no success to the land campaign.
Edward wasted his strength on an unsuccessful siege
of Tournia, and, ill-supported by his Flemish allies,
could achieve nothing. The French King in this
year seized on Guienne; and from Scotland tidings
came that Edinburgh castle, the strongest place held
by the English, had fallen into the hands of Douglas.
Neither from Flanders nor from Guienne could Edward
hope to reach the heart of the French power; a third
inlet now presented itself in Brittany. On the
death of John III. of Brittany, in 1341, Jean de Montfort,
his youngest brother, claimed the great fief, against
his niece Jeanne, daughter of his elder brother Guy,
Comte de Penthievre. He urged that the Salic
law, which had been recognised in the case of the
crown, should also apply to this great duchy, so nearly
an independent sovereignty. Jeanne had been
married to Charles de Blois, whom John III. of Brittany
had chosen as his heir; Charles was also nephew of
King Philip, who gladly espoused his cause.
Thereon Jean de Montfort appealed to Edward, and the
two Kings met in border strife in Brittany.
The Bretons sided with John against the influence
of France. Both the claimants were made prisoners;
the ladies carried on a chivalric warfare, Jeanne
de Montfort against Jeanne de Blois, and all went
favourably with the French party till Philip, with
a barbarity as foolish as it was scandalous, tempted
the chief Breton lords to Paris and beheaded them
without trial. The war, suspended by a truce,
broke out again, and the English raised large forces
and supplies, meaning to attack on three sides at
once,—from Flanders, Brittany, and Guienne.
The Flemish expedition came to nothing; for the people
of Ghent in 1345 murdered Jacques van Arteveldt as
he was endeavouring to persuade them to receive the
Prince of Wales as their count, and Edward, on learning
this adverse news, returned to England. Thence,
in July, 1346, he sailed for Normandy, and, landing
at La Hogue, overran with ease the country up to Paris.
He was not, however, strong enough to attack the
capital, for Philip lay with a large army watching
him at St. Denis. After a short hesitation Edward
crossed the Seine at Poissy, and struck northwards,
closely followed by Philip. He got across the
Somme safely, and at Crecy in Ponthieu stood at bay