“Bella gerunt alli, to felix Austria nube;
     Nam quae Mars allis, dat tibi regna Venus.”

["Glad Austria wins by Hymen’s silken chain What other States by doubtful battle gain, And while fierce Mars enriches meaner lands, Receives possession from fair Venus’ hands.”]

The Directory was far from being satisfied with the treaty of Campo-Formio, and with difficulty resisted the temptation of not ratifying it.  A fortnight before the signature the Directors wrote to General Bonaparte that they would not consent to give to the Emperor Venice, Frioul, Padua, and the ‘terra firma’ with the boundary of the Adige.  “That,” said they, “would not be to make peace, but to adjourn the war.  We shall be regarded as the beaten party, independently of the disgrace of abandoning Venice, which Bonaparte himself thought so worthy of freedom.  France ought not, and never will wish, to see Italy delivered up to Austria.  The Directory would prefer the chances of a war to changing a single word of its ultimatum, which is already too favourable to Austria.”

All this was said in vain.  Bonaparte made no scruple of disregarding his instructions.  It has been said that the Emperor of Austria made an offer of a very considerable sum of money, and even of a principality, to obtain favourable terms.  I was never able to find the slightest ground for this report, which refers to a time when the smallest circumstance could not escape my notice.  The character of Bonaparte stood too high for him to sacrifice his glory as a conqueror and peacemaker for even the greatest private advantage.  This was so thoroughly known, and he was so profoundly esteemed by the Austrian plenipotentiaries, that I will venture to say none of them would have been capable of making the slightest overture to him of so debasing a proposition.  Besides, it would have induced him to put an end to all intercourse with the plenipotentiaries.  Perhaps what I have just stated of M. de Gallo will throw some light upon this odious accusation.  But let us dismiss this story with the rest, and among them that of the porcelain tray, which was said to have been smashed and thrown at the head of M. de Cobentzel.  I certainly know nothing of any such scene; our manners at Passeriano were not quite so bad!

The presents customary on such occasions were given, and the Emperor of Austria also took that opportunity to present to General Bonaparte six magnificent white horses.

Bonaparte returned to Milan by way of Gratz, Laybach, Thrust, Mestre, Verona, and Mantua.

At this period Napoleon was still swayed by the impulse of the age.  He thought of nothing but representative governments.  Often has he said to me, “I should like the era of representative governments to be dated from my time.”  His conduct in Italy and his proclamations ought to give, and in fact do give, weight to this account of his opinion.  But there is no doubt that this idea was more connected