Meanwhile Madame de Bourrienne informed me by an express that seals were to be placed on the effects of all the persons included in the decree of Lyons, and consequently upon mine.  As soon as my wife received information of this she quitted her retreat and repaired to Paris to face the storm.  On the 29th of March, at nine in the evening, the police agents presented themselves at my house.  Madame de Bourrienne remonstrated against the measure and the inconvenient hour that was chosen for its execution; but all was in vain, and there was no alternative but to submit.

But the matter did not end with the first formalities performed by Fouche’s alguazils.  During the month of May seven persons were appointed to examine, my papers, and among the inquisitorial septemvirate were two men well known and filling high situations.  One of these executed his commission, but the other, sensible of the odium attached to it, wrote to say he was unwell, and never came.  The number of my inquisitors, ’in domo’, was thus reduced to six.  They behaved with great rudeness, and executed their mission with a rigour and severity exceedingly painful to my family.  They carried their search so far as to rummage the pockets of my old clothes, and even to unrip the linings.  All this was done in the hope of finding something that would commit me in the eyes of the new master of France.  But I was not to be caught in that way, and before leaving home I had taken such precautions as to set my mind perfectly at ease.

However, those who had declared themselves strongly against Napoleon were not the only persons who had reason to be alarmed at his return.  Women even, by a system of inquisition unworthy of the Emperor, but unfortunately quite in unison with his hatred of all liberty, were condemned to exile, and had cause to apprehend further severity.  It is for the exclusive admirers of the Chief of the Empire to approve of everything which proceeded from him, even his rigour against a defenceless sex; it is for them to laugh at the misery of a woman, and a writer of genius, condemned without any form of trial to the most severe punishment short of death.  For my part, I saw neither justice nor pleasantry in the exile of Madame de Chevreuse for having had the courage (and courage was not common then even among men) to say that she was not made to be the gaoler of the Queen of Spain.  On Napoleon’s return from. the isle of Elba, Madame de Stael was in a state of weakness, which rendered her unable to bear any sudden and violent emotion.  This debilitated state of health had been produced by her flight from Coppet to Russia immediately after the birth of the son who was the fruit of her marriage with M. Rocca.  In spite of the danger of a journey in such circumstances she saw greater danger in staying where she was, and she set out on her new exile.  That exile was not of long duration, but Madame de Stael never recovered from the effect of the alarm and fatigue it occasioned her.