Is it growing at all clear to you what a picture you have drawn of your own heart?  I will try yet once again to make it clearer.  You had a father:  suppose this tale were about him, and some informant brought it to you, proof in hand:  I am not making too high an estimate of your emotional nature when I suppose you would regret the circumstance? that you would feel the tale of frailty the more keenly since it shamed the author of your days? and that the last thing you would do would be to publish it in the religious press?  Well, the man who tried to do what Damien did, is my father, and the father of the man in the Apia bar, and the father of all who love goodness; and he was your father too, if God had given you grace to see it.

The Pentland rising
A page of history
1666

’A cloud of witnesses lyes here,
Who for Christ’s interest did appear.’ 
Inscription on Battlefield at Rullion Green.

CHAPTER I—­THE CAUSES OF THE REVOLT

’Halt, passenger; take heed what thou dost see,
This tomb doth show for what some men did die.’ 
Monument, Greyfriars’ Churchyard, Edinburgh,
1661-1668. {2a}

Two hundred years ago a tragedy was enacted in Scotland, the memory whereof has been in great measure lost or obscured by the deep tragedies which followed it.  It is, as it were, the evening of the night of persecution—­a sort of twilight, dark indeed to us, but light as the noonday when compared with the midnight gloom which followed.  This fact, of its being the very threshold of persecution, lends it, however, an additional interest.

The prejudices of the people against Episcopacy were ’out of measure increased,’ says Bishop Burnet, ’by the new incumbents who were put in the places of the ejected preachers, and were generally very mean and despicable in all respects.  They were the worst preachers I ever heard; they were ignorant to a reproach; and many of them were openly vicious.  They . . . were indeed the dreg and refuse of the northern parts.  Those of them who arose above contempt or scandal were men of such violent tempers that they were as much hated as the others were despised.’ {2b} It was little to be wondered at, from this account that the country-folk refused to go to the parish church, and chose rather to listen to outed ministers in the fields.  But this was not to be allowed, and their persecutors at last fell on the method of calling a roll of the parishioners’ names every Sabbath, and marking a fine of twenty shillings Scots to the name of each absenter.  In this way very large debts were incurred by persons altogether unable to pay.  Besides this, landlords were fined for their tenants’ absences, tenants for their landlords’, masters for their servants’, servants for their masters’, even though they themselves were perfectly regular in their attendance.  And as the curates were allowed to fine with the sanction of any common soldier, it may be imagined that often the pretexts were neither very sufficient nor well proven.