’Tis no wonder, says one of the ancients, that chance has so great a dominion over us, since it is by chance we live.  It is not possible for any one who has not designed his life for some certain end, it is impossible for any one to arrange the pieces, who has not the whole form already contrived in his imagination.  Of what use are colours to him that knows not what he is to paint?  No one lays down a certain design for his life, and we only deliberate thereof by pieces.  The archer ought first to know at what he is to aim, and then accommodate his arm, bow, string, shaft, and motion to it; our counsels deviate and wander, because not levelled to any determinate end.  No wind serves him who addresses his voyage to no certain, port.  I cannot acquiesce in the judgment given by one in the behalf of Sophocles, who concluded him capable of the management of domestic affairs, against the accusation of his son, from having read one of his tragedies.

Neither do I allow of the conjecture of the Parians, sent to regulate the Milesians sufficient for such a consequence as they from thence derived coming to visit the island, they took notice of such grounds as were best husbanded, and such country-houses as were best governed; and having taken the names of the owners, when they had assembled the citizens, they appointed these farmers for new governors and magistrates; concluding that they, who had been so provident in their own private concerns, would be so of the public too.  We are all lumps, and of so various and inform a contexture, that every piece plays, every moment, its own game, and there is as much difference betwixt us and ourselves as betwixt us and others: 

“Magnam rem puta, unum hominem agere.”

     ["Esteem it a great thing always to act as one and the same
     man.”—­Seneca, Ep., 150.]

Since ambition can teach man valour, temperance, and liberality, and even justice too; seeing that avarice can inspire the courage of a shop-boy, bred and nursed up in obscurity and ease, with the assurance to expose himself so far from the fireside to the mercy of the waves and angry Neptune in a frail boat; that she further teaches discretion and prudence; and that even Venus can inflate boys under the discipline of the rod with boldness and resolution, and infuse masculine courage into the heart of tender virgins in their mothers’ arms: 

         “Hac duce, custodes furtim transgressa jacentes,
          Ad juvenem tenebris sola puella venit:” 

["She leading, the maiden, furtively passing by the recumbent
guards, goes alone in the darkness to the youth.” 
—­Tibullus, ii. 2, 75.]

’tis not all the understanding has to do, simply to judge us by our outward actions; it must penetrate the very soul, and there discover by what springs the motion is guided.  But that being a high and hazardous undertaking, I could wish that fewer would attempt it.