shame the workman.  I may write the manner of our feasts, and the fashion of our clothes, and may write them ill; I may publish the edicts of my time, and the letters of princes that pass from hand to hand; I may make an abridgment of a good book (and every abridgment of a good book is a foolish abridgment), which book shall come to be lost; and so on:  posterity will derive a singular utility from such compositions:  but what honour shall I have unless by great good fortune?  Most part of the famous books are of this condition.

When I read Philip de Commines, doubtless a very good author, several years ago, I there took notice of this for no vulgar saying, “That a man must have a care not to do his master so great service, that at last he will not know how to give him his just reward”; but I ought to commend the invention, not him, because I met with it in Tacitus, not long since: 

         “Beneficia ea usque lxta sunt, dum videntur exsolvi posse;
          ubi multum antevenere, pro gratis odium redditur;”

["Benefits are so far acceptable as they appear to be capable of
recompense; where they much exceed that point, hatred is returned
instead of thanks.”—­Tacitus, Annal., iv. 18.]

and Seneca vigorously says: 

“Nam qui putat esse turpe non reddere,
non vult esse cui reddat:” 

["For he who thinks it a shame not to requite, does not wish to
have the man live to whom he owes return.”—­Seneca, Ep., 81.]

Q. Cicero says with less directness.: 

                   “Qui se non putat satisfacere,
                    amicus esse nullo modo potest.”

["Who thinks himself behind in obligation, can by no
means be a friend.”—­Q.  Cicero, De Petitione Consul, c. 9.]

The subject, according to what it is, may make a man looked upon as learned and of good memory; but to judge in him the parts that are most his own and the most worthy, the vigour and beauty of his soul, one must first know what is his own and what is not; and in that which is not his own, how much we are obliged to him for the choice, disposition, ornament, and language he has there presented us with.  What if he has borrowed the matter and spoiled the form, as it often falls out?  We, who are little read in books, are in this strait, that when we meet with a high fancy in some new poet, or some strong argument in a preacher, we dare not, nevertheless, commend it till we have first informed ourselves, through some learned man, if it be the writer’s wit or borrowed from some other; until that I always stand upon my guard.