M. de Bourrienne says little of Napoleon after his first abdication and retirement to Elba in 1814:  we have endeavoured to fill up the chasm thus left by following his hero through the remaining seven years of his life, to the “last scenes of all” that ended his “strange, eventful history,”—­to his deathbed and alien grave at St. Helena.  A completeness will thus be given to the work which it did not before possess, and which we hope will, with the other additions and improvements already alluded to, tend to give it a place in every well-selected library, as one of the most satisfactory of all the lives of Napoleon.

London, 1836.

PREFACE

By the editor of the 1885 edition.

The Memoirs of the time of Napoleon may be divided into two classes—­those by marshals and officers, of which Suchet’s is a good example, chiefly devoted to military movements, and those by persons employed in the administration and in the Court, giving us not only materials for history, but also valuable details of the personal and inner life of the great Emperor and of his immediate surroundings.  Of this latter class the Memoirs of Bourrienne are among the most important.

Long the intimate and personal friend of Napoleon both at school and from the end of the Italian campaigns in 1797 till 1802—­working in the same room with him, using the same purse, the confidant of most of his schemes, and, as his secretary, having the largest part of all the official and private correspondence of the time passed through his hands, Bourrienne occupied an invaluable position for storing and recording materials for history.  The Memoirs of his successor, Meneval, are more those of an esteemed private secretary; yet, valuable and interesting as they are, they want the peculiarity of position which marks those of Bourrienne, who was a compound of secretary, minister, and friend.  The accounts of such men as Miot de Melito, Raederer, etc., are most valuable, but these writers were not in that close contact with Napoleon enjoyed by Bourrienne.  Bourrienne’s position was simply unique, and we can only regret that he did not occupy it till the end of the Empire.  Thus it is natural that his Memoirs should have been largely used by historians, and to properly understand the history of the time, they must be read by all students.  They are indeed full of interest for every one.  But they also require to be read with great caution.  When we meet with praise of Napoleon, we may generally believe it, for, as Thiers (Consulat., ii. 279) says, Bourrienne need be little suspected on this side, for although be owed everything to Napoleon, he has not seemed to remember it.  But very often in passages in which blame is thrown on Napoleon, Bourrienne speaks, partly with much of the natural bitterness of a former and discarded friend, and partly with the