his surprise and discontent.  “The trenches,” said, he, “do not come up to my knees.”  Besieging artillery was, of necessity, required:  we commenced with field artillery.  This encouraged the besieged, who perceived the weakness of our resources.  The besieging artillery, consisting only of three twenty-four pounders and six, eighteen pounders, was not brought up until the end of April, and before that period threw assaults had taken place with very serious loss.  On the 4th of May our powder began to fail us.  This cruel event obliged us to slacken our fire.  We also wanted shot; and an order of the day fixed a price to be given for all balls, according to their calibre, which might be picked up after being fired from the fortress or the two ships of the line, the ‘Tiger’ and ‘Theseus’, which were stationed on each side of the harbour:  These two vessels embarrassed the communication, between the camp and the trenches; but though they made much noise, they did little harm.  A ball from one of them; killed an officer on the evening the siege was raised.

The enemy had within the walls some excellent riflemen, chiefly Albanians.  They placed stones, one over the other, on the walls, put their firearms through the interstices, and thus, completely sheltered, fired with destructive precision.

On the 9th of April General Caffarelli, so well known for his courage and talents, was passing through the trench, his hand resting as he stooped on his hip, to preserve the equilibrium which his wooden leg, impaired; his elbow only was raised above the trench.  He was warned that the enemy’s shot, fired close upon us did not miss the smallest object.  He paid no attention to any observation of this kind, and in a few instants his elbow joint was fractured.  Amputation of the arm was judged indispensable.  The General survived the operation eighteen days.  Bonaparte went regularly twice a day to his tent.  By his order, added to my friendship for Caffarelli, I scarcely ever quitted him.  Shortly before he expired he said to me, “My dear Bourrienne, be so good as to read to me Voltaire’s preface to ’Esprit des Lois’.”  When I returned to the tent of the General-in-Chief he asked, “How is Caffarelli?” I replied, “He is near his end; but he asked me to read him Voltaire’s preface to the ‘Esprit de Lois’, he has just fallen asleep.”  Bonaparte said, “Bah! to wish to hear that preface? how singular!” He went to see Caffarelli, but he was still asleep.  I returned to him that evening and received his last breath.  He died with the utmost composure.  His death. was equally regretted by the soldiers and the men of science, who accompanied us.  It was a just regret due to that distinguished man, in whom very extensive information was united with great courage and amiable disposition.

On the 10th of May; when an assault took place, Bonaparte proceeded at an early hour to the trenches.

   —­[Sir Sidney Smith, in his Official report of the assault of the
   8th of May, says that Napoleon was distinctly seen directing the
   operation.]—­