have behaved to the Jews—­to the Italians.  Pay respect to their muftis, and their Imaums, as you did to the rabbis and the bishops.  Extend to the ceremonies prescribed by the Koran and to the mosques the same toleration which you showed to the synagogues, to the religion of Moses and of Jesus Christ.

The Roman legions protected all religions.  You will find here customs different from those of Europe.  You must accommodate yourselves to them.  The people amongst whom we are to mix differ from us in the treatment of women; but in all countries he who violates is a monster.  Pillage enriches only a small number of men; it dishonours us; it destroys our resources; it converts into enemies the people whom it is our interest to have for friends.

   The first town we shall come to was built by Alexander.  At every
   step we shall meet with grand recollections, worthy of exciting the
   emulation of Frenchmen. 
                         Bonaparte.

During the voyage, and particularly between Malta and Alexandria, I often conversed with the brave and unfortunate Admiral Brueys.  The intelligence we heard from time to time augmented his uneasiness.  I had the good fortune to obtain the confidence of this worthy man.  He complained bitterly of the imperfect manner in which the fleet had been prepared for sea; of the encumbered state of the ships of the line and frigates, and especially of the ‘Orient’; of the great number of transports; of the bad Outfit of all the ships and the weakness of their crews.  He assured me that it required no little courage to undertake the command of a fleet so badly equipped; and he often declared, that in the event of our falling in with the enemy, he could not answer for the consequences.  The encumbered state of the vessels, the immense quantity of civic and military baggage which each person had brought, and would wish to save, would render proper manoeuvres impracticable.  In case of an attack, added Brueys, even by an inferior squadron, the confusion and disorder amongst so great a number of persons would produce an inevitable catastrophe.  Finally, if the English had appeared with ten vessels only, the Admiral could not have guaranteed a fortunate result.  He considered victory to be a thing that was impossible, and even with a victory, what would have become of the expedition?  “God send,” he said, with a sigh, “that we may pass the English without meeting them!” He appeared to foresee what did afterwards happen to him, not in the open sea, but in a situation which he considered much more favourable to his defence.

On the morning of the 1st of July the expedition arrived off the coast of Africa, and the column of Septimus-Severus pointed out to us the city of Alexandria.  Our situation and frame of mind hardly permitted us to reflect that in the distant point we beheld the city of the Ptolemies and Caesars, with its double port, its pharos, and the gigantic monuments of its ancient grandeur.  Our imaginations did not rise to this pitch.