That these scarifications are intended solely to increase personal allurement I will not, however, positively affirm.  Similar, perhaps, to the cause of an excision of part of the little finger of the left hand in the women, and of a front tooth in the men;* or probably after all our conjectures, superstitious ceremonies by which they hope either to avert evil or to propagate good, are intended.  The colours with which they besmear the bodies of both sexes possibly date from the same common origin.  White paint is strictly appropriate to the dance.  Red seems to be used on numberless occasions, and is considered as a colour of less consequence.  It may be remarked that they translate the epithet white when they speak of us, not by the name which they assign to this white earth, but by that with which they distinguish the palms of their hands.

[It is to be observed that neither of these ceremonies is universal, but nearly so.  Why there should exist exemptions I cannot resolve.  The manner of executing them is as follows.  The finger is taken off by means of a ligature (generally a sinew of a kangaroo) tied so tight as to stop the circulation of the blood, which induces mortification and the part drops off.  I remember to have seen Colbee’s child, when about a month old, on whom this operation had been just performed by her mother.  The little wretch seemed in pain, and her hand was greatly swelled.  But this was deemed too trifling a consideration to deserve regard in a case of so much importance.

The tooth intended to be taken out is loosened by the gum being scarified on both sides with a sharp shell.  The end of a stick is then applied to the tooth, which is struck gently several times with a stone, until it becomes easily moveable, when the ‘coup de grace’ is given by a smart stroke.  Notwithstanding these precautions, I have seen a considerable degree of swelling and inflammation follow the extraction.  Imeerawanyee, I remember, suffered severely.  But he boasted the firmness and hardihood with which he had endured it.  It is seldom performed on those who are under sixteen years old.]

As this leads to an important subject I shall at once discuss it.  “Have these people any religion:  any knowledge of, or belief in a deity?—­any conception of the immortality of the soul?” are questions which have been often put to me since my arrival in England:  I shall endeavour to answer them with candour and seriousness.

Until belief be enlightened by revelation and chastened by reason, religion and superstition, are terms of equal import.  One of our earliest impressions is the consciousness of a superior power.  The various forms under which this impression has manifested itself are objects of the most curious speculation.