I am surprised at having received no letter from you since you left Paris.  I still direct this to Strasburgh, as I did my two last.  I shall direct my next to the post house at Mayence, unless I receive, in the meantime, contrary instructions from you.  Adieu.  Remember les attentions:  they must be your passports into good company.

LETTER CLXIX

London, June, O. S. 1752.

My dear friend:  Very few celebrated negotiators have been eminent for their learning.  The most famous French negotiators (and I know no nation that can boast of abler) have been military men, as Monsieur d’Harcourt, Comte d’Estrades, Marechal d’Uxelles, and others.  The late Duke of Marlborough, who was at least as able a negotiator as a general, was exceedingly ignorant of books, but extremely knowing in men, whereas the learned Grotius appeared, both in Sweden and in France, to be a very bungling minister.  This is, in my opinion, very easily to be accounted for.  A man of very deep learning must have employed the greatest part of his time in books; and a skillful negotiator must necessarily have employed much the greater part of his time with man.  The sound scholar, when dragged out of his dusty closet into business, acts by book, and deals with men as he has read of them; not as he has known them by experience:  he follows Spartan and Roman precedents, in what he falsely imagines to be similar cases; whereas two cases never were, since the beginning of the world, exactly alike; and he would be capable, where he thought spirit and vigor necessary, to draw a circle round the persons he treated with, and to insist upon a categorical answer before they went out of it, because he had read, in the Roman history, that once upon a time some Roman ambassador, did so.  No; a certain degree of learning may help, but no degree of learning will ever make a skillful minister whereas a great knowledge of the world, of the characters, passions, and habits of mankind, has, without one grain of learning, made a thousand.  Military men have seldom much knowledge of books; their education does not allow it; but what makes great amends for that want is, that they generally know a great deal of the world; they are thrown into it young; they see variety of nations and characters; and they soon find, that to rise, which is the aim of them all, they must first please:  these concurrent causes almost always give them manners and politeness.  In consequence of which, you see them always distinguished at courts, and favored by the women.  I could wish that you had been of an age to have made a campaign or two as a volunteer.  It would have given you an attention, a versatility, and an alertness; all which I doubt you want; and a great want it is.