from which there came so much as a whisper.  The audience listened to me with rapt attention.  At the end, with a pride in my rhetorical powers which proceeded from a misunderstanding of the situation, I remarked to the chairman:  “I held that audience well; there wasn’t an interruption.”  To which the chairman replied:  “Interruption?  Well, I guess not!  Seth had sent round word that if any son of a gun peeped he’d kill him!”

There was one bit of frontier philosophy which I should like to see imitated in more advanced communities.  Certain crimes of revolting baseness and cruelty were never forgiven.  But in the case of ordinary offenses, the man who had served his term and who then tried to make good was given a fair chance; and of course this was equally true of the women.  Every one who has studied the subject at all is only too well aware that the world offsets the readiness with which it condones a crime for which a man escapes punishment, by its unforgiving relentlessness to the often far less guilty man who is punished, and who therefore has made his atonement.  On the frontier, if the man honestly tried to behave himself there was generally a disposition to give him fair play and a decent show.  Several of the men I knew and whom I particularly liked came in this class.  There was one such man in my regiment, a man who had served a term for robbery under arms, and who had atoned for it by many years of fine performance of duty.  I put him in a high official position, and no man under me rendered better service to the State, nor was there any man whom, as soldier, as civil officer, as citizen, and as friend, I valued and respected—­and now value and respect—­more.

Now I suppose some good people will gather from this that I favor men who commit crimes.  I certainly do not favor them.  I have not a particle of sympathy with the sentimentality—­as I deem it, the mawkishness—­which overflows with foolish pity for the criminal and cares not at all for the victim of the criminal.  I am glad to see wrong-doers punished.  The punishment is an absolute necessity from the standpoint of society; and I put the reformation of the criminal second to the welfare of society.  But I do desire to see the man or woman who has paid the penalty and who wishes to reform given a helping hand—­surely every one of us who knows his own heart must know that he too may stumble, and should be anxious to help his brother or sister who has stumbled.  When the criminal has been punished, if he then shows a sincere desire to lead a decent and upright life, he should be given the chance, he should be helped and not hindered; and if he makes good, he should receive that respect from others which so often aids in creating self-respect—­the most invaluable of all possessions.

CHAPTER V

APPLIED IDEALISM

In the spring of 1899 I was appointed by President Harrison Civil Service Commissioner.  For nearly five years I had not been very active in political life; although I had done some routine work in the organization and had made campaign speeches, and in 1886 had run for Mayor of New York against Abram S. Hewitt, Democrat, and Henry George, Independent, and had been defeated.