September, 1860.—­Outbreak.

October 4, 1860.—­Landing of United States forces in consequence.

May 23, 1861.—­Intervention of the United States force required, by intendente.

October 2, 1861.—­Insurrection and civil war.

April 4, 1862.—­Measures to prevent rebels crossing Isthmus.

June 13, 1862.—­Mosquera’s troops refused admittance to Panama.

March, 1865.—­Revolution, and United States troops landed.

August, 1865.—­Riots; unsuccessful attempt to invade Panama.

March, 1866.—­Unsuccessful revolution.

April, 1867.—­Attempt to overthrow Government.

August, 1867.—­Attempt at revolution.

July 5, 1868.—­Revolution; provisional government inaugurated.

August 29, 1868.—­Revolution; provisional government overthrown.

April, 1871.—­Revolution; followed apparently by counter revolution.

April, 1873.—­Revolution and civil war which lasted to October, 1875.

August, 1876.—­Civil war which lasted until April, 1877.

July, 1878.—­Rebellion.

December, 1878.—­Revolt.

April, 1879.—­Revolution.

June, 1879.—­Revolution.

March, 1883.—­Riot.

May, 1883.—­Riot.

June, 1884.—­Revolutionary attempt.

December, 1884.—­Revolutionary attempt.

January, 1885.—­Revolutionary disturbances.

March, 1885.—­Revolution.

April, 1887.—­Disturbance on Panama Railroad.

November, 1887.—­Disturbance on line of canal.

January, 1889.—­Riot.

January, 1895.—­Revolution which lasted until April.

March, 1895.—­Incendiary attempt.

October, 1899.—­Revolution.

February, 1900, to July, 1900.—­Revolution.

January, 1901.—­Revolution.

July, 1901.—­Revolutionary disturbances.

September, 1901.—­City of Colon taken by rebels.

March, 1902.—­Revolutionary disturbances.

July, 1902.—­Revolution

The above is only a partial list of the revolutions, rebellions, insurrections, riots, and other outbreaks that occurred during the period in question; yet they number fifty-three for the fifty-three years, and they showed a tendency to increase, rather than decrease, in numbers and intensity.  One of them lasted for nearly three years before it was quelled; another for nearly a year.  In short, the experience of over half a century had shown Colombia to be utterly incapable of keeping order on the Isthmus.  Only the active interference of the United States had enabled her to preserve so much as a semblance of sovereignty.  Had it not been for the exercise by the United States of the police power in her interest, her connection with the Isthmus would have been sundered long before it was.  In 1856, in 1860, in 1873, in 1885, in 1901, and again in 1902, sailors and marines from United