as men do, with the full-arm throw from the shoulder.  Their hands are short and strong.  Their legs are almost invariably straight, but are probably more frequently bowed at the knees than are the men’s.  The thighs are sturdy and strong, and the calves not infrequently over-large.  This enlargement runs low down, so the ankles, never slender, very often appear coarse and large.  In consequence of this heavy lower leg, the feet, short at best, usually look much too short.  They are placed on the ground straight ahead, though the tendency to inturned feet is slightly more noticeable than it is among the men.

Their carriage is a healthful one, though it is not always graceful, since their long strides commonly give the prominent buttocks a jerky movement.  They prove the naturalness of that style of walking which, in profile, shows the chest thrust forward and the buttocks backward; the abdomen is in, and the shoulders do not swing as the strides are made.

It can not be said that at base the color of the women’s skin differs from that of the men, but the saffron undertone is more commonly seen than it is in the unclothed men.  It shows on the shaded parts of the body, and where the skin is distended, as on the breast and about certain features of the face.

The hair of the head is like that of the man’s; it is worn long, and is twisted and wound about the head.  It has a tendency to fall out as age comes on, but does not seem thin on the head.  The tendency to gray hairs is apparently somewhat less than it is with the men.  The remainder of the body is exceptionally free from hair.  The growth in the armpits and the pelvic hair are always pulled out by the unmarried, and a large per cent of the women do not allow it to grow even in old age.

Their eyes are brown, varied as are those of the men, and with the Malayan fold of the upper eyelid.

Their teeth are generally whiter and cleaner than are those of their male companions, a condition due largely, probably, to the fact that few of the women smoke.

They seem to reach maturity at about 17 or 18 years of age.  The first child is commonly born between the ages of 16 and 22.  At 23 the woman has certainly reached her prime.  By 30 she is getting “old”; before 45 the women are old, with flat, pendent folds of skin where the breasts were.  The entire front of the body —­ in prime full, rounded, and smooth —­ has become flabby, wrinkled, and folded.  It is only a short time before collapse of the tissue takes place in all parts of the body.  An old woman, say, at 50, is a mass of wrinkles from foot to forehead; the arms and legs lose their plumpness, the skin is “bagged” at the knees into half a dozen large folds; and the disappearance of adipose tissue from the trunk-front, sides, and back —­ has left the skin not only wrinkled but loose and flabby, folding over the girdle at the waist.

The census of Magulang, page 42, should be again referred to, from which it appears that the death rate among women is greater between the ages of 40 and 50 years than it is with men, being 55.66 per cent.  The census shows also that there are relatively a larger number of old women —­ that is, over 50 years old —­ than there are old men.