The Bontoc Igorot eBook

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Table of Contents
Section	Page

Start of eBook	1
Letter of Transmittal	1
Preface	1
Introduction	3
PART 1	5
Igorot land	5
INCHES	9
Igorot peoples	9
PART 2	11
Bontoc culture area	12
Marks of Bontoc culture	14
The Bontoc man	15
Historical sketch	16
Somatology	21
Measurements	21
Woman	24
Measurements	24
Child	26
Pathology	27
PART 3	28
The pueblo	28
Ato	29
Pabafunan and fawi	30
Olag	32
Afong	34
The family	37
Childbirth	38
Twins	38
Abortion	39
Child	39
Naming	40
Circumcision	41
Amusements	42
Puberty	44
Life in olag	44
Marriage	45
Divorce	47
The widowed	47
Orphans	48
The aged	48
Sickness, disease, and remedies	48
Death and burial	51
PART 4	57
Production	57
Natural production	57
Hunting	58
FIGURE 1	60
Fishing	61
Vegetal production	63
Cultural production	63
Building the sementera	64
Irrigating	66
Turning the soil	69
Fertilizing	71
Seed planting	72
Transplanting	73
Cultivating	74
Protecting	74
FIGURE 4	75
Harvesting	77
Storing	79
Expense and profit	80
Zooculture	81
Carabao	81
Hog	82
Chicken	83
Dog	83
Clothing production	84
Woman’s clothing	86
Implement and utensil production	87
Wooden implements and utensils	88
Metal implements and utensils	89
Pottery	90
	93
Basket work	93
Weapon production	95
Wooden weapons	96
Metal weapons	97
FIGURE 5	98
FIGURE 6	101
Pipe production, and smoking	101
Fire making	104
Division of labor	105
Wages, and exchange of labor	107
Distribution	108
Theft	108
Conquest	108
Consumption	109
Foods	109
Beverages	114
Salt	115
FIGURE 7	116
Sugar	117
Meals and mealtime	118
Transportation	118
Commerce	121
Barter	121
Sale	123
Medium of exchange	124
Measure of exchange value	125
Standard of value	125
Palay currency	125
	125
Trade routes	125
Trade languages and traders	126
Stages of commerce	127
Property right	128
Personal property of individual	128
	129
Personal property of group	129
Real property of individual	129
Real property of group	130
Public property	130
Sale of property	131
Rent, loan, and lease of property	131
Inheritance and bequest	132
PART 5	134
Crimes, detection and punishment	136
PART 6	139
PART 7	149
Dress	150
FIGURE 8	150
Decoration	152
Tattoo	152
Music	154
Vocal music	157
Dancing	157
Games	159
Formalities	159
PART 8	160
Spirit belief	160
Exorcist	162
Lumawig, the Supreme Being	164
“Changers” in religion	168
Priesthood	168
Sacred days	170
Ceremonials	170
Ceremonies connected with agriculture	170
Chaka	171
Suwat	174
Keeng	175
Totolod	175
Safosab	175
Lislis	175
Loskod	176
Okiad	176
Kopus	176
Ceremonies connected with climate	176
Kalob	176
Chinamwi	177
Kafokab	177
Changtu	177
Ceremony connected with ato	178
PART 9	178
Actual knowledge	178
Mensuration	179
Numbers	179
Lineal measure	179
Measurement of animals	180
The calendar	180
FIGURE 9	181
Folk tales	182
The sun man and moon woman; or, origin of head-hunting	182
Origin of kaag, the monkey	184
Origin of gayyang, the crow, and fanias, the large lizard	185
Owug, the snake	185
PART 10	187
Introduction	187
Alphabet	188
Linguistic inconsistencies	188
Nouns	189
Pronouns	189
	189
	190
	190
	190
Verbs	190
	190
Comparative vocabularies	191
Bontoc vocabulary	193
English, with Bontoc equivalent	193
	194
Human Body	194
	195
Bodily Conditions	196
Consanguineal and Social Relationships	196
Clothing, Dress, and Adornment	197
	197
Foods and Beverages	198
	198
	198
Home and Field	199
Animals	200
Vegetal Life	202
Verbs	202
Adjectives	203
Adverbs	203
Cardinal Numerals	203
	204
	204
Distributive Numerals	204
NOTES	205

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The Bontoc Igorot from Project Gutenberg. Public domain.