Now, I have only a few comments to make.  Popular sovereignty, by his own words, does not pertain to the few persons who wander upon the public domain in violation of law.  We have his words for that.  When it does pertain to them, is when they are sufficient to be formed into an organized political community, and he fixes the minimum for that at ten thousand, and the maximum at twenty thousand.  Now, I would like to know what is to be done with the nine thousand?  Are they all to be treated, until they are large enough to be organized into a political community, as wanderers upon the public land, in violation of law?  And if so treated and driven out, at what point of time would there ever be ten thousand?  If they were not driven out, but remained there as trespassers upon the public land in violation of the law, can they establish slavery there?  No; the judge says popular sovereignty don’t pertain to them then.  Can they exclude it then?  No; popular sovereignty don’t pertain to them then.  I would like to know, in the case covered by the essay, what condition the people of the Territory are in before they reach the number of ten thousand?

But the main point I wish to ask attention to is, that the question as to when they shall have reached a sufficient number to be formed into a regular organized community is to be decided “by Congress.”  Judge Douglas says so.  Well, gentlemen, that is about all we want.  No, that is all the Southerners want.  That is what all those who are for slavery want.  They do not want Congress to prohibit slavery from coming into the new Territories, and they do not want popular sovereignty to hinder it; and as Congress is to say when they are ready to be organized, all that the South has to do is to get Congress to hold off.  Let Congress hold off until they are ready to be admitted as a State, and the South has all it wants in taking slavery into and planting it in all the Territories that we now have or hereafter may have.  In a word, the whole thing, at a dash of the pen, is at last put in the power of Congress; for if they do not have this popular sovereignty until Congress organizes them, I ask if it at last does not come from Congress?  If, at last, it amounts to anything at all, Congress gives it to them.  I submit this rather for your reflection than for comment.  After all that is said, at last, by a dash of the pen, everything that has gone before is undone, and he puts the whole question under the control of Congress.  After fighting through more than three hours, if you undertake to read it, he at last places the whole matter under the control of that power which he has been contending against, and arrives at a result directly contrary to what he had been laboring to do.  He at last leaves the whole matter to the control of Congress.