habits should be formed to retirement.  Solitude, the safeguard of mediocrity, is to genius the stern friend, the cold, obscure shelter, where moult the wings which will bear it farther than suns and stars.”

We must remember, too, that “the calamities are our friends.  Try the rough water as well as the smooth.  Rough water can teach lessons worth knowing.  Don’t be so tender at making an enemy now and then.  He who aims high, must dread an easy home and popular manners.”

Emerson cannot have had many enemies, if any, in his calm and noble career.  He can have cherished no enmity, on personal grounds at least.  But he refused his hand to one who had spoken ill of a friend whom he respected.  It was “the hand of Douglas” again,—­the same feeling that Charles Emerson expressed in the youthful essay mentioned in the introduction to this volume.

Here are a few good sayings about “Behavior.”

    “There is always a best way of doing everything, if it be to boil an
    egg.  Manners are the happy ways of doing things; each once a stroke
    of genius or of love,—­now repeated and hardened into usage.”

Thus it is that Mr. Emerson speaks of “Manners” in his Essay under the above title.

    “The basis of good manners is self-reliance.—­Manners require time,
    as nothing is more vulgar than haste.—­

    “Men take each other’s measure, when they meet for the first
    time,—­and every time they meet.—­

    “It is not what talents or genius a man has, but how he is to his
    talents, that constitutes friendship and character.  The man that
    stands by himself, the universe stands by him also.”

In his Essay on “Worship,” Emerson ventures the following prediction:—­

“The religion which is to guide and fulfil the present and coming ages, whatever else it be, must be intellectual.  The scientific mind must have a faith which is science.—­There will be a new church founded on moral science, at first cold and naked, a babe in a manger again, the algebra and mathematics of ethical law, the church of men to come, without shawms or psaltery or sackbut; but it will have heaven and earth for its beams and rafters; science for symbol and illustration; it will fast enough gather beauty, music, picture, poetry.”

It is a bold prophecy, but who can doubt that all improbable and unverifiable traditional knowledge of all kinds will make way for the established facts of science and history when these last reach it in their onward movement?  It may be remarked that he now speaks of science more respectfully than of old.  I suppose this Essay was of later date than “Beauty,” or “Illusions.”  But accidental circumstances made such confusion in the strata of Emerson’s published thought that one is often at a loss to know whether a sentence came from the older or the newer layer.

We come to “Considerations by the Way.”  The common-sense side of Emerson’s mind has so much in common with the plain practical intelligence of Franklin that it is a pleasure to find the philosopher of the nineteenth century quoting the philosopher of the eighteenth.