Naturally Every Man Has Right To Everything And because the condition of Man, (as hath been declared in the precedent Chapter) is a condition of Warre of every one against every one; in which case every one is governed by his own Reason; and there is nothing he can make use of, that may not be a help unto him, in preserving his life against his enemyes; It followeth, that in such a condition, every man has a Right to every thing; even to one anothers body.  And therefore, as long as this naturall Right of every man to every thing endureth, there can be no security to any man, (how strong or wise soever he be,) of living out the time, which Nature ordinarily alloweth men to live.

The Fundamental Law Of Nature And consequently it is a precept, or generall rule of Reason, “That every man, ought to endeavour Peace, as farre as he has hope of obtaining it; and when he cannot obtain it, that he may seek, and use, all helps, and advantages of Warre.”  The first branch, of which Rule, containeth the first, and Fundamentall Law of Nature; which is, “To seek Peace, and follow it.”  The Second, the summe of the Right of Nature; which is, “By all means we can, to defend our selves.”

The Second Law Of Nature From this Fundamentall Law of Nature, by which men are commanded to endeavour Peace, is derived this second Law; “That a man be willing, when others are so too, as farre-forth, as for Peace, and defence of himselfe he shall think it necessary, to lay down this right to all things; and be contented with so much liberty against other men, as he would allow other men against himselfe.”  For as long as every man holdeth this Right, of doing any thing he liketh; so long are all men in the condition of Warre.  But if other men will not lay down their Right, as well as he; then there is no Reason for any one, to devest himselfe of his:  For that were to expose himselfe to Prey, (which no man is bound to) rather than to dispose himselfe to Peace.  This is that Law of the Gospell; “Whatsoever you require that others should do to you, that do ye to them.”  And that Law of all men, “Quod tibi feiri non vis, alteri ne feceris.”

What it is to lay down a Right To Lay Downe a mans Right to any thing, is to Devest himselfe of the Liberty, of hindring another of the benefit of his own Right to the same.  For he that renounceth, or passeth away his Right, giveth not to any other man a Right which he had not before; because there is nothing to which every man had not Right by Nature:  but onely standeth out of his way, that he may enjoy his own originall Right, without hindrance from him; not without hindrance from another.  So that the effect which redoundeth to one man, by another mans defect of Right, is but so much diminution of impediments to the use of his own Right originall.