but onely to certain particular ends, by the Soveraign
limited. For that were to erect two Soveraigns;
and every man to have his person represented by two
Actors, that by opposing one another, must needs divide
that Power, which (if men will live in Peace) is indivisible,
and thereby reduce the Multitude into the condition
of Warre, contrary to the end for which all Soveraignty
is instituted. And therefore as it is absurd,
to think that a Soveraign Assembly, inviting the People
of their Dominion, to send up their Deputies, with
power to make known their Advise, or Desires, should
therefore hold such Deputies, rather than themselves,
for the absolute Representative of the people:
so it is absurd also, to think the same in a Monarchy.
And I know not how this so manifest a truth, should
of late be so little observed; that in a Monarchy,
he that had the Soveraignty from a descent of 600 years,
was alone called Soveraign, had the title of Majesty
from every one of his Subjects, and was unquestionably
taken by them for their King; was notwithstanding
never considered as their Representative; that name
without contradiction passing for the title of those
men, which at his command were sent up by the people
to carry their Petitions, and give him (if he permitted
it) their advise. Which may serve as an admonition,
for those that are the true, and absolute Representative
of a People, to instruct men in the nature of that
Office, and to take heed how they admit of any other
generall Representation upon any occasion whatsoever,
if they mean to discharge the truth committed to them.
Comparison Of Monarchy, With Soveraign Assemblyes
The difference between these three kindes of Common-wealth,
consisteth not in the difference of Power; but in the
difference of Convenience, or Aptitude to produce
the Peace, and Security of the people; for which end
they were instituted. And to compare Monarchy
with the other two, we may observe; First, that whosoever
beareth the Person of the people, or is one of that
Assembly that bears it, beareth also his own naturall
Person. And though he be carefull in his politique
Person to procure the common interest; yet he is more,
or no lesse carefull to procure the private good of
himselfe, his family, kindred and friends; and for
the most part, if the publique interest chance to
crosse the private, he preferrs the private:
for the Passions of men, are commonly more potent than
their Reason. From whence it follows, that where
the publique and private interest are most closely
united, there is the publique most advanced.
Now in Monarchy, the private interest is the same with
the publique. The riches, power, and honour of
a Monarch arise onely from the riches, strength and
reputation of his Subjects. For no King can be
rich, nor glorious, nor secure; whose Subjects are
either poore, or contemptible, or too weak through
want, or dissention, to maintain a war against their
enemies: Whereas in a Democracy, or Aristocracy,
the publique prosperity conferres not so much to the
private fortune of one that is corrupt, or ambitious,
as doth many times a perfidious advice, a treacherous
action, or a Civill warre.