where there was very little land to the acre.  It is universally true that there is a great deal of vegetable show and fuss for the result produced.  I do not complain of this.  One cannot expect vegetables to be better than men:  and they make a great deal of ostentatious splurge; and many of them come to no result at last.  Usually, the more show of leaf and wood, the less fruit.  This melancholy reflection is thrown in here in order to make dog-days seem cheerful in comparison.

One of the minor pleasures of life is that of controlling vegetable activity and aggressions with the pruning-knife.  Vigorous and rapid growth is, however, a necessity to the sport.  To prune feeble plants and shrubs is like acting the part of dry-nurse to a sickly orphan.  You must feel the blood of Nature bound under your hand, and get the thrill of its life in your nerves.  To control and culture a strong, thrifty plant in this way is like steering a ship under full headway, or driving a locomotive with your hand on the lever, or pulling the reins over a fast horse when his blood and tail are up.  I do not understand, by the way, the pleasure of the jockey in setting up the tail of the horse artificially.  If I had a horse with a tail not able to sit up, I should feed the horse, and curry him into good spirits, and let him set up his own tail.  When I see a poor, spiritless horse going by with an artificially set-up tail, it is only a signal of distress.  I desire to be surrounded only by healthy, vigorous plants and trees, which require constant cutting-in and management.  Merely to cut away dead branches is like perpetual attendance at a funeral, and puts one in low spirits.  I want to have a garden and orchard rise up and meet me every morning, with the request to “lay on, Macduff.”  I respect old age; but an old currant-bush, hoary with mossy bark, is a melancholy spectacle.

I suppose the time has come when I am expected to say something about fertilizers:  all agriculturists do.  When you plant, you think you cannot fertilize too much:  when you get the bills for the manure, you think you cannot fertilize too little.  Of course you do not expect to get the value of the manure back in fruits and vegetables; but something is due to science,—­to chemistry in particular.  You must have a knowledge of soils, must have your soil analyzed, and then go into a course of experiments to find what it needs.  It needs analyzing,—­that, I am clear about:  everything needs that.  You had better have the soil analyzed before you buy:  if there is “pusley” in it, let it alone.  See if it is a soil that requires much hoeing, and how fine it will get if there is no rain for two months.  But when you come to fertilizing, if I understand the agricultural authorities, you open a pit that will ultimately swallow you up, —­farm and all.  It is the great subject of modern times, how to fertilize without ruinous expense; how, in short, not to starve the earth to death while we get