Our next door.  It’s a melancholy thought to me that we can no longer express ourselves with the bass-drum; there used to be the whole of the Fourth of July in its patriotic throbs.

Mandeville.  We certainly have made great progress in one art,—­that of war.

The young lady.  And in the humane alleviations of the miseries of war.

The fire-tender.  The most discouraging symptom to me in our undoubted advance in the comforts and refinements of society is the facility with which men slip back into barbarism, if the artificial and external accidents of their lives are changed.  We have always kept a fringe of barbarism on our shifting western frontier; and I think there never was a worse society than that in California and Nevada in their early days.

The young lady.  That is because women were absent.

The fire-tender.  But women are not absent in London and New York, and they are conspicuous in the most exceptionable demonstrations of social anarchy.  Certainly they were not wanting in Paris.  Yes, there was a city widely accepted as the summit of our material civilization.  No city was so beautiful, so luxurious, so safe, so well ordered for the comfort of living, and yet it needed only a month or two to make it a kind of pandemonium of savagery.  Its citizens were the barbarians who destroyed its own monuments of civilization.  I don’t mean to say that there was no apology for what was done there in the deceit and fraud that preceded it, but I simply notice how ready the tiger was to appear, and how little restraint all the material civilization was to the beast.

The mistress.  I can’t deny your instances, and yet I somehow feel that pretty much all you have been saying is in effect untrue.  Not one of you would be willing to change our civilization for any other.  In your estimate you take no account, it seems to me, of the growth of charity.

Mandeville.  And you might add a recognition of the value of human life.

The mistress.  I don’t believe there was ever before diffused everywhere such an element of good-will, and never before were women so much engaged in philanthropic work.

The parson.  It must be confessed that one of the best signs of the times is woman’s charity for woman.  That certainly never existed to the same extent in any other civilization.

Mandeville.  And there is another thing that distinguishes us, or is beginning to.  That is, the notion that you can do something more with a criminal than punish him; and that society has not done its duty when it has built a sufficient number of schools for one class, or of decent jails for another.

Herbert.  It will be a long time before we get decent jails.

Mandeville.  But when we do they will begin to be places of education and training as much as of punishment and disgrace.  The public will provide teachers in the prisons as it now does in the common schools.