and grow for years in this region, a waxing and never-waning peril of the volcano, I found, subsequently, had the foundation I have mentioned above.  The lady did go to Resina in order to make the ascent of Vesuvius, mounted a horse there, fell off, being utterly unhorsewomanly, and hurt herself; but her injury had no more to do with Vesuvius than it had with the entrance of Victor Emanuel into Naples, which took place a couple of weeks after.  Well, as I was saying, it is the fashion to write descriptions of Vesuvius; and you might as well have mine, which I shall give to you in rough outline.

There came a day when the Tramontane ceased to blow down on us the cold air of the snowy Apennines, and the white cap of Vesuvius, which is, by the way, worn generally like the caps of the Neapolitans, drifted inland instead of toward the sea.  Warmer weather had come to make the bright sunshine no longer a mockery.  For some days I had been getting the gauge of the mountain.  With its white plume it is a constant quantity in the landscape:  one sees it from every point of view; and we had been scarcely anywhere that volcanic remains, or signs of such action,—­a thin crust shaking under our feet, as at Solfatara, where blasts of sulphurous steam drove in our faces,—­did not remind us that the whole ground is uncertain, and undermined by the subterranean fires that have Vesuvius for a chimney.  All the coast of the bay, within recent historic periods, in different spots at different times, has risen and sunk and risen again, in simple obedience to the pulsations of the great fiery monster below.  It puffs up or sinks, like the crust of a baking apple-pie.  This region is evidently not done; and I think it not unlikely it may have to be turned over again before it is.  We had seen where Herculaneum lies under the lava and under the town of Resina; we had walked those clean and narrow streets of Pompeii, and seen the workmen picking away at the imbedded gravel, sand, and ashes which still cover nearly two thirds of the nice little, tight little Roman city; we had looked at the black gashes on the mountain-sides, where the lava streams had gushed and rolled and twisted over vineyards and villas and villages; and we decided to take a nearer look at the immediate cause of all this abnormal state of things.

In the morning when I awoke the sun was just rising behind Vesuvius; and there was a mighty display of gold and crimson in that quarter, as if the curtain was about to be lifted on a grand performance, say a ballet at San Carlo, which is the only thing the Neapolitans think worth looking at.  Straight up in the air, out of the mountain, rose a white pillar, spreading out at the top like a palm-tree, or, to compare it to something I have seen, to the Italian pines, that come so picturesquely into all these Naples pictures.  If you will believe me, that pillar of steam was like a column of fire, from the sun shining on and through it, and perhaps from the reflection