that they slaughtered a third of their antagonists without any loss to themselves.  Their tactics were to gallop up within range of the enemy, to fire a volley, and then to ride away again before the spearmen could reach them.  When the savages pursued the Boers fled.  When the pursuit halted the Boers halted and the rifle fire began anew.  The strategy was simple but most effective.  When one remembers how often since then our own horsemen have been pitted against savages in all parts of the world, one deplores that ignorance of all military traditions save our own which is characteristic of our service.

This victory of the ‘voortrekkers’ cleared all the country between the Orange River and the Limpopo, the sites of what has been known as the Transvaal and the Orange Free State.  In the meantime another body of the emigrants had descended into what is now known as Natal, and had defeated Dingaan, the great Chief of the Zulus.  Being unable, owing to the presence of their families, to employ the cavalry tactics which had been so effective against the Matabeli, they again used their ingenuity to meet this new situation, and received the Zulu warriors in a square of laagered wagons, the men firing while the women loaded.  Six burghers were killed and three thousand Zulus.  Had such a formation been used forty years afterwards against these very Zulus, we should not have had to mourn the disaster of Isandhlwana.

And now at the end of their great journey, after overcoming the difficulties of distance, of nature, and of savage enemies, the Boers saw at the end of their travels the very thing which they desired least—­that which they had come so far to avoid—­the flag of Great Britain.  The Boers had occupied Natal from within, but England had previously done the same by sea, and a small colony of Englishmen had settled at Port Natal, now known as Durban.  The home Government, however, had acted in a vacillating way, and it was only the conquest of Natal by the Boers which caused them to claim it as a British colony.  At the same time they asserted the unwelcome doctrine that a British subject could not at will throw off his allegiance, and that, go where they might, the wandering farmers were still only the pioneers of British colonies.  To emphasise the fact three companies of soldiers were sent in 1842 to what is now Durban—­the usual Corporal’s guard with which Great Britain starts a new empire.  This handful of men was waylaid by the Boers and cut up, as their successors have been so often since.  The survivors, however, fortified themselves, and held a defensive position—­as also their successors have done so many times since—­until reinforcements arrived and the farmers dispersed.  It is singular how in history the same factors will always give the same result.  Here in this first skirmish is an epitome of all our military relations with these people.  The blundering headstrong attack, the defeat, the powerlessness of the farmer against the weakest fortifications—­it is the same tale over and over again in different scales of importance.  Natal from this time onward became a British colony, and the majority of the Boers trekked north and east with bitter hearts to tell their wrongs to their brethren of the Orange Free State and of the Transvaal.