Among the many difficulties which had to be met by the defenders of the town the most serious was the fact that the position had a circumference of five or six miles to be held by about one thousand men against a force who at their own time and their own place could at any moment attempt to gain a footing.  An ingenious system of small forts was devised to meet the situation.  Each of these held from ten to forty riflemen, and was furnished with bomb-proofs and covered ways.  The central bomb-proof was connected by telephone with all the outlying ones, so as to save the use of orderlies.  A system of bells was arranged by which each quarter of the town was warned when a shell was coming in time to enable the inhabitants to scuttle off to shelter.  Every detail showed the ingenuity of the controlling mind.  The armoured train, painted green and tied round with scrub, stood unperceived among the clumps of bushes which surrounded the town.

On October 24th a savage bombardment commenced, which lasted with intermissions for seven months.  The Boers had brought an enormous gun across from Pretoria, throwing a 96-pound shell, and this, with many smaller pieces, played upon the town.  The result was as futile as our own artillery fire has so often been when directed against the Boers.

As the Mafeking guns were too weak to answer the enemy’s fire, the only possible reply lay in a sortie, and upon this Colonel Powell decided.  It was carried out with great gallantry on the evening of October 27th, when about a hundred men under Captain FitzClarence moved out against the Boer trenches with instructions to use the bayonet only.  The position was carried with a rush, and many of the Boers bayoneted before they could disengage themselves from the tarpaulins which covered them.  The trenches behind fired wildly in the darkness, and it is probable that as many of their own men as of ours were hit by their rifle fire.  The total loss in this gallant affair was six killed, eleven wounded, and two prisoners.  The loss of the enemy, though shrouded as usual in darkness, was certainly very much higher.

On October 31st the Boers ventured upon an attack on Cannon Kopje, which is a small fort and eminence to the south of the town.  It was defended by Colonel Walford, of the British South African Police, with fifty-seven of his men and three small guns.  The attack was repelled with heavy loss to the Boers.  The British casualties were six killed and five wounded.

Their experience in this attack seems to have determined the Boers to make no further expensive attempts to rush the town, and for some weeks the siege degenerated into a blockade.  Cronje had been recalled for more important work, and Commandant Snyman had taken over the uncompleted task.  From time to time the great gun tossed its huge shells into the town, but boardwood walls and corrugated-iron roofs minimise the dangers of a bombardment.  On November 3rd the garrison rushed the Brickfields, which had been