down the hill than a mop up in the morning,’ said he, and he gave the word to retire.  One who had met the troops as they staggered down has told me how far they were from being routed.  In mixed array, but steadily and in order, the long thin line trudged through the darkness.  Their parched lips would not articulate, but they whispered ‘Water!  Where is water?’ as they toiled upon their way.  At the bottom of the hill they formed into regiments once more, and marched back to the camp.  In the morning the blood-spattered hill-top, with its piles of dead and of wounded, were in the hands of Botha and his men, whose valour and perseverance deserved the victory which they had won.  There is no doubt now that at 3 A.M. of that morning Botha, knowing that the Rifles had carried Burger’s position, regarded the affair as hopeless, and that no one was more astonished than he when he found, on the report of two scouts, that it was a victory and not a defeat which had come to him.

How shall we sum up such an action save that it was a gallant attempt, gallantly carried out, and as gallantly met?  On both sides the results of artillery fire during the war have been disappointing, but at Spion Kop beyond all question it was the Boer guns which won the action for them.  So keen was the disappointment at home that there was a tendency to criticise the battle with some harshness, but it is difficult now, with the evidence at our command, to say what was left undone which could have altered the result.  Had Thorneycroft known all that we know, he would have kept his grip upon the hill.  On the face of it one finds it difficult to understand why so momentous a decision, upon which the whole operations depended, should have been left entirely to the judgment of one who in the morning had been a simple Lieutenant-Colonel.  ‘Where are the bosses?’ cried a Fusilier, and the historian can only repeat the question.  General Warren was at the bottom of the hill.  Had he ascended and determined that the place should still be held, he might have sent down the wearied troops, brought up smaller numbers of fresh ones, ordered the Sappers to deepen the trenches, and tried to bring up water and guns.  It was for the divisional commander to lay his hand upon the reins at so critical an instant, to relieve the weary man who had struggled so hard all day.

The subsequent publication of the official despatches has served little purpose, save to show that there was a want of harmony between Buller and Warren, and that the former lost all confidence in his subordinate during the course of the operations.  In these papers General Buller expresses the opinion that had Warren’s operations been more dashing, he would have found his turning movement upon the left a comparatively easy matter.  In this judgment he would probably have the concurrence of most military critics.  He adds, however, ’On the 19th, I ought to have assumed command myself.  I saw that things were