—­to steal each other’s grabbings.  Germany found a vast slice of Central Africa with the English flag and the English missionary and the English trader scattered all over it, but with certain formalities neglected—­no signs up, “Keep off the grass,” “Trespassers-forbidden,” etc.—­and she stepped in with a cold calm smile and put up the signs herself, and swept those English pioneers promptly out of the country.

There is a tremendous point there.  It can be put into the form of a maxim:  Get your formalities right—­never mind about the moralities.

It was an impudent thing; but England had to put up with it.  Now, in the case of Madagascar, the formalities had originally been observed, but by neglect they had fallen into desuetude ages ago.  England should have snatched Madagascar from the French clothes-line.  Without an effort she could have saved those harmless natives from the calamity of French civilization, and she did not do it.  Now it is too late.

The signs of the times show plainly enough what is going to happen.  All the savage lands in the world are going to be brought under subjection to the Christian governments of Europe.  I am not sorry, but glad.  This coming fate might have been a calamity to those savage peoples two hundred years ago; but now it will in some cases be a benefaction.  The sooner the seizure is consummated, the better for the savages.

The dreary and dragging ages of bloodshed and disorder and oppression will give place to peace and order and the reign of law.  When one considers what India was under her Hindoo and Mohammedan rulers, and what she is now; when he remembers the miseries of her millions then and the protections and humanities which they enjoy now, he must concede that the most fortunate thing that has ever befallen that empire was the establishment of British supremacy there.  The savage lands of the world are to pass to alien possession, their peoples to the mercies of alien rulers.  Let us hope and believe that they will all benefit by the change.

April 23.  “The first year they gather shells; the second year they gather shells and drink; the third year they do not gather shells.” (Said of immigrants to Mauritius.)

Population 375,000. 120 sugar factories.

Population 1851, 185,000.  The increase is due mainly to the introduction of Indian coolies.  They now apparently form the great majority of the population.  They are admirable breeders; their homes are always hazy with children.  Great savers of money.  A British officer told me that in India he paid his servant 10 rupees a month, and he had 11 cousins, uncles, parents, etc., dependent upon him, and he supported them on his wages.  These thrifty coolies are said to be acquiring land a trifle at a time, and cultivating it; and may own the island by and by.

The Indian women do very hard labor [for wages of (1/2 rupee) for twelve hours’ work.] They carry mats of sugar on their heads (70 pounds) all day lading ships, for half a rupee, and work at gardening all day for less.