These, and many minor raids which followed, made it plain that a general outbreak was upon us.  The only remedy, therefore, was to subjugate the savages immediately engaged in the forays by forcing the several tribes to settle down on the reservations set apart by the treaty of Medicine Lodge.  The principal mischief-makers were the Cheyennes.  Next in deviltry were the Kiowas, and then the Arapahoes and Comanches.  Some few of these last two tribes continued friendly, or at least took no active part in the raiding, but nearly all the young men of both were the constant allies of the Cheyennes and Kiowas.  All four tribes together could put on the war-path a formidable force of about 6,000 warriors.  The subjugation of this number of savages would be no easy task, so to give the matter my undivided attention I transferred my headquarters from Leavenworth to Fort Hays, a military post near which the prosperous town of Hays City now stands.

Fort Hays was just beyond the line of the most advanced settlements, and was then the terminus of the Kansas-Pacific railroad.  For this reason it could be made a depot of supplies, and was a good point from which to supervise matters in the section of country to be operated in, which district is a part of the Great American Plains, extending south from the Platte River in Nebraska to the Red River in the Indian Territory, and westward from the line of frontier settlements to the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, a vast region embracing an area of about 150,000 square miles.  With the exception of a half-dozen military posts and a few stations on the two overland emigrant routes—­the Smoky Hill to Denver, and the Arkansas to New Mexico—­this country was an unsettled waste known only to the Indians and a few trappers.  There were neither roads nor well-marked trails, and the only timber to be found—­which generally grew only along the streams—­was so scraggy and worthless as hardly to deserve the name.  Nor was water by any means plentiful, even though the section is traversed by important streams, the Republican, the Smoky Hill, the Arkansas, the Cimarron, and the Canadian all flowing eastwardly, as do also their tributaries in the main.  These feeders are sometimes long and crooked, but as a general thing the volume of water is insignificant except after rain-falls.  Then, because of unimpeded drainage, the little streams fill up rapidly with torrents of water, which quickly flows off or sinks into the sand, leaving only an occasional pool without visible inlet or outlet.

At the period of which I write, in 1868, the Plains were covered with vast herds of buffalo—­the number has been estimated at 3,000,000 head—­and with such means of subsistence as this everywhere at hand, the 6,000 hostiles were wholly unhampered by any problem of food-supply.  The savages were rich too according to Indian standards, many a lodge owning from twenty to a hundred ponies; and consciousness of wealth and power, aided by former temporizing, had