to form his brigade, stack arms, hang the belts on the muskets, and stand waiting for orders.  Stuart’s division had been halted outside the parapet.  I then sent Major Hammond down the rebel line to the right, with orders to stop Steele’s division outside, and to have the other rebel brigade stack its arms in like manner, and to await further orders.  I inquired of Colonel Garland who commanded in chief, and he said that General Churchill did, and that he was inside the fort.  I then rode into the fort, which was well built, with good parapets, drawbridge, and ditch, and was an inclosed work of four bastions.  I found it full of soldiers and sailors, its parapets toward the river well battered in, and Porter’s gunboats in the river, close against the fort, with their bows on shore.  I soon found General Churchill, in conversation with Admiral Porter and General A. J. Smith, and about this time my adjutant-general, Major J. H. Hammond, came and reported that General Deshler, who commanded the rebel brigade facing and opposed to Steele, had refused to stack arms and surrender, on the ground that he had received no orders from his commanding general; that nothing separated this brigade from Steele’s men except the light parapet, and that there might be trouble there at any moment.  I advised General Churchill to send orders at once, because a single shot might bring the whole of Steele’s division on Deshler’s brigade, and I would not be responsible for the consequences; soon afterward, we both concluded to go in person.  General Churchill had the horses of himself and staff in the ditch; they were brought in, and we rode together to where Garland was standing, and Churchill spoke to him in an angry tone, “Why did you display the white flag!” Garland replied, “I received orders to do so from one of your staff.”  Churchill denied giving such an order, and angry words passed between them.  I stopped them, saying that it made little difference then, as they were in our power.  We continued to ride down the line to its extreme point, where we found Deshler in person, and his troops were still standing to the parapet with their muskets in hand.  Steele’e men were on the outside.  I asked Deshler:  “What does this mean?  You are a regular officer, and ought to know better.”  He answered, snappishly, that “he had received no orders to surrender;” when General Churchill said:  “You see, sir, that we are in their power, and you may surrender.”  Deshler turned to his staff-officers and ordered them to repeat the command to “stack arms,” etc., to the colonels of his brigade.  I was on my horse, and he was on foot.  Wishing to soften the blow of defeat, I spoke to him kindly, saying that I knew a family of Deshlers in Columbus, Ohio, and inquired if they were relations of his.  He disclaimed any relation with people living north of the Ohio, in an offensive tone, and I think I gave him a piece of my mind that he did not relish.  He was a West Point graduate, small but very handsome, and was afterward killed in battle.  I never met him again.