arms, but had, at the same time, facilitated domestic treason.  It was no longer necessary for an agent from Saint Germains to cross the sea in a fishing boat, under the constant dread of being intercepted by a cruiser.  It was no longer necessary for him to land on a desolate beach, to lodge in a thatched hovel, to dress himself like a carter, or to travel up to town on foot.  He came openly by the Calais packet, walked into the best inn at Dover, and ordered posthorses for London.  Meanwhile young Englishmen of quality and fortune were hastening in crowds to Paris.  They would naturally wish to see him who had once been their king; and this curiosity, though in itself innocent, might have evil consequences.  Artful tempters would doubtless be on the watch for every such traveller; and many such travellers might be well pleased to be courteously accosted, in a foreign land, by Englishmen of honourable name, distinguished appearance, and insinuating address.  It was not to be expected that a lad fresh from the university would be able to refute all the sophisms and calumnies which might be breathed in his ear by dexterous and experienced seducers.  Nor would it be strange if he should, in no long time, accept an invitation to a private audience at Saint Germains, should be charmed by the graces of Mary of Modena, should find something engaging in the childish innocence of the Prince of Wales, should kiss the hand of James, and should return home an ardent Jacobite.  An Act was therefore passed forbidding English subjects to hold any intercourse orally, or by writing, or by message, with the exiled family.  A day was fixed after which no English subject, who had, during the late war, gone into France without the royal permission or borne arms against his country was to be permitted to reside in this kingdom, except under a special license from the King.  Whoever infringed these rules incurred the penalties of high treason.

The dismay was at first great among the malecontents.  For English and Irish Jacobites, who had served under the standards of Lewis or hung about the Court of Saint Germains, had, since the peace, come over in multitudes to England.  It was computed that thousands were within the scope of the new Act.  But the severity of that Act was mitigated by a beneficent administration.  Some fierce and stubborn non-jurors who would not debase themselves by asking for any indulgence, and some conspicuous enemies of the government who had asked for indulgence in vain, were under the necessity of taking refuge on the Continent.  But the great majority of those offenders who promised to live peaceably under William’s rule obtained his permission to remain in their native land.