The Lower House now, contemptuously disregarding both principles and precedents, took on itself to carve estates out of the forfeitures for persons whom it was inclined to favour.  To the Duke of Ormond especially, who ranked among the Tories and was distinguished by his dislike of the foreigners, marked partiality was shown.  Some of his friends, indeed, hoped that they should be able to insert in the bill a clause bestowing on him all the confiscated estates in the county of Tipperary.  But they found that it would be prudent in them to content themselves with conferring on him a boon smaller in amount, but equally objectionable in principle.  He had owed very large debts to persons who had forfeited to the Crown all that belonged to them.  Those debts were therefore now due from him to the Crown.  The House determined to make him a present of the whole, that very House which would not consent to leave a single acre to the general who had stormed Athlone, who had gained the battle of Aghrim, who had entered Galway in triumph, and who had received the submission of Limerick.

That a bill so violent, so unjust, and so unconstitutional would pass the Lords without considerable alteration was hardly to be expected.  The ruling demagogues, therefore, resolved to join it with the bill which granted to the Crown a land tax of two shillings in the pound for the service of the next year, and thus to place the Upper House under the necessity of either passing both bills together without the change of a word, or rejecting both together, and leaving the public creditor unpaid and the nation defenceless.

There was great indignation among the Peers.  They were not indeed more disposed than the Commons to approve of the manner in which the Irish forfeitures had been granted away; for the antipathy to the foreigners, strong as it was in the nation generally, was strongest in the highest ranks.  Old barons were angry at seeing themselves preceded by new earls from Holland and Guelders.  Garters, gold keys, white staves, rangerships, which had been considered as peculiarly belonging to the hereditary grandees of the realm, were now intercepted by aliens.  Every English nobleman felt that his chance of obtaining a share of the favours of the Crown was seriously diminished by the competition of Bentincks and Keppels, Auverquerques and Zulesteins.  But, though the riches and dignities heaped on the little knot of Dutch courtiers might disgust him, the recent proceedings of the Commons could not but disgust him still more.  The authority, the respectability, the existence of his order were threatened with destruction.  Not only,—­such were the just complaints of the Peers,—­not only are we to be deprived of that coordinate legislative power to which we are, by the constitution of the realm, entitled.  We are not to be allowed even a suspensive veto.  We are not to dare to remonstrate, to suggest an amendment, to offer a reason, to ask for an explanation.  Whenever the other House has