leases, and that much was burdened with mortgages.  A contemporary writer, who was evidently well acquainted with Ireland, asserted that the authors of the report had valued the forfeited property in Carlow at six times the real market price, and that the two million six hundred thousand pounds, of which they talked, would be found to shrink to about half a million, which, as the exchanges then stood between Dublin and London, would have dwindled to four hundred thousand pounds by the time that it reached the English Exchequer.  It was subsequently proved, beyond all dispute, that this estimate was very much nearer the truth than that which had been formed by Trenchard and Trenchard’s colleagues.

Of the seventeen hundred thousand acres which had been forfeited, above a fourth part had been restored to the ancient proprietors in conformity with the civil articles of the treaty of Limerick.  About one seventh of the remaining three fourths had been given back to unhappy families, which, though they could not plead the letter of the treaty, had been thought fit objects of clemency.  The rest had been bestowed, partly on persons whose seances merited all and more than all that they obtained, but chiefly on the King’s personal friends.  Romney had obtained a considerable share of the royal bounty.  But of all the grants the largest was to Woodstock, the eldest son of Portland; the next was to Albemarle.  An admirer of William cannot relate without pain that he divided between these two foreigners an extent of country larger than Hertfordshire.

This fact, simply reported, would have sufficed to excite a strong feeling of indignation in a House of Commons less irritable and querulous than that which then sate at Westminster.  But Trenchard and his confederates were not content with simply reporting the fact.  They employed all their skill to inflame the passions of the majority.  They at once applied goads to its anger and held out baits to its cupidity.

They censured that part of William’s conduct which deserved high praise even more severely than that part of his conduct for which it is impossible to set up any defence.  They told the Parliament that the old proprietors of the soil had been treated with pernicious indulgence; that the capitulation of Limerick had been construed in a manner far too favourable to the conquered race; and that the King had suffered his compassion to lead him into the error of showing indulgence to many who could not pretend that they were within the terms of the capitulation.  Even now, after the lapse of eight years, it might be possible, by instituting a severe inquisition, and by giving proper encouragement to informers, to prove that many Papists, who were still permitted to enjoy their estates, had taken the side of James during the civil war.  There would thus be a new and plentiful harvest of confiscations.  The four bitterly complained that their task had been made more difficult by the hostility of persons who held office in Ireland, and by the secret influence of great men who were interested in concealing the truth.  These grave charges were made in general terms.  No name was mentioned; no fact was specified; no evidence was tendered.