an atmosphere was too much for them.  The provisions which they had brought out had been of no good quality, and had not been improved by lapse of time or by change of climate.  The yams and plantains did not suit stomachs accustomed to good oatmeal.  The flesh of wild animals and the green fat of the turtle, a luxury then unknown in Europe, went but a small way; and supplies were not to be expected from any foreign settlement.  During the cool months, however, which immediately followed the occupation of the isthmus there were few deaths.  But, before the equinox, disease began to make fearful havoc in the little community.  The mortality gradually rose to ten or twelve a day.  Both the clergymen who had accompanied the expedition died.  Paterson buried his wife in that soil which, as he had assured his too credulous countrymen, exhaled health and vigour.  He was himself stretched on his pallet by an intermittent fever.  Still he would not admit that the climate of his promised land was bad.  There could not be a purer air.  This was merely the seasoning which people who passed from one country to another must expect.  In November all would be well again.  But the rate at which the emigrants died was such that none of them seemed likely to live till November.  Those who were not laid on their beds were yellow, lean, feeble, hardly able to move the sick and to bury the dead, and quite unable to repel the expected attack of the Spaniards.  The cry of the whole community was that death was all around them, and that they must, while they still had strength to weigh an anchor or spread a sail, fly to some less fatal region.  The men and provisions were equally distributed among three ships, the Caledonia, the Unicorn, and the Saint Andrew.  Paterson, though still too ill to sit in the Council, begged hard that he might be left behind with twenty or thirty companions to keep up a show of possession, and to await the next arrivals from Scotland.  So small a number of people, he said, might easily subsist by catching fish and turtles.  But his offer was disregarded; he was carried, utterly helpless, on board of the Saint Andrew; and the vessel stood out to sea.

The voyage was horrible.  Scarcely any Guinea slave ship has ever had such a middle passage.  Of two hundred and fifty persons who were on board of the Saint Andrew, one hundred and fifty fed the sharks of the Atlantic before Sandy Hook was in sight.  The Unicorn lost almost all its officers, and about a hundred and forty men.  The Caledonia, the healthiest ship of the three, threw overboard a hundred corpses.  The squalid survivors, as if they were not sufficiently miserable, raged fiercely against one another.  Charges of incapacity, cruelty, brutal insolence, were hurled backward and forward.  The rigid Presbyterians attributed the calamities of the colony to the wickedness of Jacobites, Prelatists, Sabbath-breakers, Atheists, who hated in others that image of God which was wanting