each suspecting the other of hostile designs and each resolved to give the other no advantage.  In such circumstances it is not strange that many violent and cruel acts should have been perpetrated.  What had been done in those distant regions could seldom be exactly known in Europe.  Every thing was exaggerated and distorted by vague report and by national prejudice.  Here it was the popular belief that the English were always blameless, and that every quarrel was to be ascribed to the avarice and inhumanity of the Dutch.  Lamentable events which had taken place in the Spice Islands were repeatedly brought on our stage.  The Englishmen were all saints and heroes; the Dutchmen all fiends in human shape, lying, robbing, ravishing, murdering, torturing.  The angry passions which these pieces indicated had more than once found vent in war.  Thrice in the lifetime of one generation the two nations had contended, with equal courage and with various fortune, for the sovereignty of the German Ocean.  The tyranny of James, as it had reconciled Tories to Whigs and Churchmen to Nonconformists, had also reconciled the English to the Dutch.  While our ancestors were looking to the Hague for deliverance, the massacre of Amboyna and the great humiliation of Chatham had seemed to be forgotten.  But since the Revolution the old feeling had revived.  Though England and Holland were now closely bound together by treaty, they were as far as ever from being bound together by affection.  Once, just after the battle of Beachy Head, our countrymen had seemed disposed to be just; but a violent reaction speedily followed.  Torrington, who deserved to be shot, became a popular favourite; and the allies whom he had shamefully abandoned were accused of persecuting him without a cause.  The partiality shown by the King to the companions of his youth was the favourite theme of the sewers of sedition.  The most lucrative posts in his household, it was said, were held by Dutchmen; the House of Lords was fast filling with Dutchmen; the finest manors of the Crown were given to Dutchmen; the army was commanded by Dutchmen.  That it would have been wise in William to exhibit somewhat less obtrusively his laudable fondness for his native country, and to remunerate his early friends somewhat more sparingly, is perfectly true.  But it will not be easy to prove that, on any important occasion during his whole reign, he sacrificed the interests of our island to the interests of the United Provinces.  The English, however, were on this subject prone to fits of jealousy which made them quite incapable of listening to reason.  One of the sharpest of those fits came on in the autumn of 1691.  The antipathy to the Dutch was at that time strong in all classes, and nowhere stronger than in the Parliament and in the army.186

Of that antipathy Marlborough determined to avail himself for the purpose, as he assured James and James’s adherents, of effecting a restoration.  The temper of both Houses was such that they might not improbably be induced by skilful management to present a joint address requesting that all foreigners might be dismissed from the service of their Majesties.  Marlborough undertook to move such an address in the Lords; and there would have been no difficulty in finding some gentleman of great weight to make a similar motion in the Commons.