Opening of the Parliament—­Debates on the Salaries and Fees of Official Men—­Act excluding Papists from Public Trust in Ireland--Debates on the East India Trade—­Debates on the Bill for regulating Trials in Cases of High Treason—­Plot formed by Marlborough against the Government of William—­Marlborough’s Plot disclosed by the Jacobites—­Disgrace of Marlborough; Various Reports touching the Cause of Marlborough’s Disgrace.—­Rupture between Mary and Anne—­Fuller’s Plot—­Close of the Session; Bill for ascertaining the Salaries of the Judges rejected—­Misterial Changes in England—­Ministerial Changes in Scotland—­State of the Highlands—­Breadalbane employed to negotiate with the Rebel Clans—­Glencoe—­William goes to the Continent; Death of Louvois—­ The French Government determines to send an Expedition against England—­James believes that the English Fleet is friendly to him—­Conduct of Russell—­A Daughter born to James—­Preparations made in England to repel Invasion—­James goes down to his Army at La Hogue—­James’s Declaration—­Effect produced by James’s Declaration—­The English and Dutch Fleets join; Temper of the English Fleet—­Battle of La Hogue—­Rejoicings in England—­Young’s Plot

On the nineteenth of October 1691, William arrived at Kensington from the Netherlands.144 Three days later he opened the Parliament.  The aspect of affairs was, on the whole, cheering.  By land there had been gains and losses; but the balance was in favour of England.  Against the fall of Mons might well be set off the taking of Athlone, the victory of Aghrim, the surrender of Limerick and the pacification of Ireland.  At sea there had been no great victory; but there had been a great display of power and of activity; and, though many were dissatisfied because more had not been done, none could deny that there had been a change for the better.  The ruin caused by the foibles and vices of Torrington had been repaired; the fleet had been well equipped; the rations had been abundant and wholesome; and the health of the crews had consequently been, for that age, wonderfully good.  Russell, who commanded the naval forces of the allies, had in vain offered battle to the French.  The white flag, which, in the preceding year, had ranged the Channel unresisted from the Land’s End to the Straits of Dover, now, as soon as our topmasts were descried twenty leagues off, abandoned the open sea, and retired into the depths of the harbour of Brest.  The appearance of an English squadron in the estuary of the Shannon had decided the fate of the last fortress which had held out for King James; and a fleet of merchantmen from the Levant, valued at four millions sterling, had, through dangers which had caused many sleepless nights to the underwriters of Lombard Street, been convoyed safe into the Thames.145 The Lords and Commons listened with signs of satisfaction to a speech in which the King congratulated them on the event of the war in Ireland, and expressed his confidence that they would continue to support him in the war with France.  He told them that a great naval armament would be necessary, and that, in his opinion, the conflict by land could not be effectually maintained with less than sixty-five thousand men.146