it never could be made by any man sincerely desirous to atone for past wickedness and baseness.  The truth was that, when Marlborough told the Jacobites that his sense of guilt prevented him from swallowing his food by day and taking his rest at night, he was laughing at them.  The loss of half a guinea would have done more to spoil his appetite and to disturb his slumbers than all the terrors of an evil conscience.  What his offers really proved was that his former crime had sprung, not from an ill regulated zeal for the interests of his country and his religion, but from a deep and incurable moral disease which had infected the whole man.  James, however, partly from dulness and partly from selfishness, could never see any immorality in any action by which he was benefited.  To conspire against him, to betray him, to break an oath of allegiance sworn to him, were crimes for which no punishment here or hereafter could be too severe.  But to murder his enemies, to break faith with his enemies was not only innocent but laudable.  The desertion at Salisbury had been the worst of crimes; for it had ruined him.  A similar desertion in Flanders would be an honourable exploit; for it might restore him.

The penitent was informed by his Jacobite friends that he was forgiven.  The news was most welcome; but something more was necessary to restore his lost peace of mind.  Might he hope to have, in the royal handwriting, two lines containing a promise of pardon?  It was not, of course, for his own sake that he asked this.  But he was confident that, with such a document in his hands, he could bring back to the right path some persons of great note who adhered to the usurper, only because they imagined that they had no mercy to expect from the legitimate King.  They would return to their duty as soon as they saw that even the worst of all criminals had, on his repentance, been generously forgiven.  The promise was written, sent, and carefully treasured up.  Marlborough had now attained one object, an object which was common to him with Russell and Godolphin.  But he had other objects which neither Russell nor Godolphin had ever contemplated.  There is, as we shall hereafter see, strong reason to believe that this wise, brave, wicked man, was meditating a plan worthy of his fertile intellect and daring spirit, and not less worthy of his deeply corrupted heart, a plan which, if it had not been frustrated by strange means, would have ruined William without benefiting James, and would have made the successful traitor master of England and arbiter of Europe.

Thus things stood, when, in May 1691, William, after a short and busy sojourn in England, set out again for the Continent, where the regular campaign was about to open.  He took with him Marlborough, whose abilities he justly appreciated, and of whose recent negotiations with Saint Germains he had not the faintest suspicion.  At the Hague several important military and political consultations were