The intelligence sent by Marlborough to James was communicated by James to the French government.  That government took its measures with characteristic promptitude.  Promptitude was indeed necessary; for, when Marlborough’s letter was written, the preparations at Portsmouth were all but complete; and, if the wind had been favourable to the English, the objects of the expedition might have been attained without a struggle.  But adverse gales detained our fleet in the Channel during another month.  Meanwhile a large body of troops was collected at Brest.  Vauban was charged with the duty of putting the defences in order; and, under his skilful direction, batteries were planted which commanded every spot where it seemed likely that an invader would attempt to land.  Eight large rafts, each carrying many mortars, were moored in the harbour, and, some days before the English arrived, all was ready for their reception.

On the sixth of June the whole allied fleet was on the Atlantic about fifteen leagues west of Cape Finisterre.  There Russell and Berkeley parted company.  Russell proceeded towards the Mediterranean.  Berkeley’s squadron, with the troops on board, steered for the coast of Brittany, and anchored just without Camaret Bay, close to the mouth of the harbour of Brest.  Talmash proposed to land in Camaret Bay.  It was therefore desirable to ascertain with accuracy the state of the coast.  The eldest son of the Duke of Leeds, now called Marquess of Caermarthen, undertook to enter the basin and to obtain the necessary information.  The passion of this brave and eccentric young man for maritime adventure was unconquerable.  He had solicited and obtained the rank of Rear Admiral, and had accompanied the expedition in his own yacht, the Peregrine, renowned as the masterpiece of shipbuilding, and more than once already mentioned in this history.  Cutts, who had distinguished himself by his intrepidity in the Irish war, and had been rewarded with an Irish peerage, offered to accompany Caermarthen, Lord Mohun, who, desirous, it may be hoped, to efface by honourable exploits the stain which a shameful and disastrous brawl had left on his name, was serving with the troops as a volunteer, insisted on being of the party.  The Peregrine went into the bay with its gallant crew, and came out safe, but not without having run great risks.  Caermarthen reported that the defences, of which however he had seen only a small part, were formidable.  But Berkeley and Talmash suspected that he overrated the danger.  They were not aware that their design had long been known at Versailles, that an army had been collected to oppose them, and that the greatest engineer in the world had been employed to fortify the coast against them.  They therefore did not doubt that their troops might easily be put on shore under the protection of a fire from the ships.  On the following morning Caermarthen was ordered to enter the bay with eight vessels and to batter the