The Gazette which announced these changes in the administration, announced also the King’s departure.  He set out for Holland on the twenty-fourth of March.

He left orders that the Estates of Scotland should, after a recess of more than two years and a half, be again called together.  Hamilton, who had lived many months in retirement, had, since the fall of Melville, been reconciled to the Court, and now consented to quit his retreat, and to occupy Holyrood House as Lord High Commissioner.  It was necessary that one of the Secretaries of State for Scotland should be in attendance on the King.  The Master of Stair had therefore gone to the Continent.  His colleague, Johnstone, was chief manager for the Crown at Edinburgh, and was charged to correspond regularly with Carstairs, who never quitted William.415

It might naturally have been expected that the session would be turbulent.  The Parliament was that very Parliament which had in 1689 passed, by overwhelming majorities, all the most violent resolutions which Montgomery and his club could frame, which had refused supplies, which had proscribed the ministers of the Crown, which had closed the Courts of justice, which had seemed bent on turning Scotland into an oligarchical republic.  In 1690 the Estates had been in a better temper.  Yet, even in 1690, they had, when the ecclesiastical polity of the realm was under consideration, paid little deference to what was well known to be the royal wish.  They had abolished patronage; they had sanctioned the rabbling of the episcopal clergy; they had refused to pass a Toleration Act.  It seemed likely that they would still be found unmanageable when questions touching religion came before them; and such questions it was unfortunately necessary to bring forward.  William had, during the recess, attempted to persuade the General Assembly of the Church to receive into communion such of the old curates as should subscribe the Confession of Faith and should submit to the government of Synods.  But the attempt had failed; and the Assembly had consequently been dissolved by the Lord Commissioner.  Unhappily, the Act which established the Presbyterian polity had not defined the extent of the power which was to be exercised by the Sovereign over the Spiritual Courts.  No sooner therefore had the dissolution been announced than the Moderator requested permission to speak.  He was told that he was now merely a private person.  As a private person he requested a hearing, and protested, in the name of his brethren, against the royal mandate.  The right, he said, of the office bearers of the Church to meet and deliberate touching her interests was derived from her Divine Head, and was not dependent on the pleasure of the temporal magistrate.  His brethren stood up, and by an approving murmur signified their concurrence in what their President had said.  Before they retired they fixed a day for their next meeting.416 It was indeed a very distant day; and when it came neither minister nor elder attended;for even the boldest members shrank from a complete rupture with the civil power.  But, though there was not open war between the Church and the Government, they were estranged from each other, jealous of each other, and afraid of each other.  No progress had been made towards a reconciliation when the Estates met; and which side the Estates would take might well be doubted.