[30] Arthur Young, II. 112, 115. — Théron de Montaugé, 52, 61.

[31] The Marquis de Mirabeau, “Traité de la population,” p.29.

[32] Cf Galiani, “Dialogues sur le commerce des blés.” (1770), p. 193.  Wheat bread at this time cost four sous per pound.

[33] Arthur Young, II. 200, 201, 260-265. — Théron de Montaugé, 59, 68, 75, 79, 81, 84.

[34] “The poor people who cultivate the soil here are métayers, that is men who hire the land without ability to stock it; the proprietor is forced to provide cattle and seed and he and his tenants divide the produce.” — Arthur young.(Tr.)

[35] “Ephémérides du citoyen,” VI. 81-94 (1767), and IX. 99 (1767).

[36] Turgot, “Collections des économistes,” I. 544, 549.

[37] Marquis de Mirabeau, “Traité de la population,” 83..

[38] Hippeau, VI, 91.

[39] Dulaure, “Description de l’Auvergne,” 1789.

[40] Arthur Young, I. 235.

[41] “Ephémérides du citoyen,” XX. 146, a letter of the Marquis de - August 17, 1767.

[42] Lucas de Montigny, “Memoires de Mirabeau,” I, 394.

[43] Arthur Young, I. 280, 289, 294.

[44] Lafayette “Mémoires,” V. 533.

[45] Lucas de Montigny, ibid. (a letter of August 18, 1777).

[46] De Tocqueville, 117.

[47] “Procès-verbaux de l’assemblée provinciale de Basse Normandie” (1787), p.205.

[48] Léonce de Lavergne, p. 26 (according to the tables of indemnity granted to the émigrés in 1825).  In the estate of Blet (see note 2 at the end of the volume), twenty-two parcels are alienated in 1760. — Arthur Young, I. 308 (the domain of Tour-d’Aigues, in Provence), and II. 198, 214. — Doniol, “Histoire des classes rurales,” p.450. — De Tocqueville, p.36.

[49] Archives nationales, H, 1463 (a letter by M. de Fontette, November 16, 1772). — Cf.  Cochut, “Revue des Deux Mondes,” September, 1848.  The sale of the national property seems not to have sensibly increased small properties nor sensibly diminished the number of the large ones.  The Revolution developed moderate sized properties.  In 1848, the large estates numbered 183,000 (23,000 families paying 300 francs taxes, and more, and possessing on the average 260 hectares of land, and 160,000 families paying from 230 to 500 francs taxes and possessing on the average 75 hectares.) These 183,000 families possessed 18,000,000 hectares. — There are besides 700,000 medium sized estates (paying from 50 to 250 francs tax), and comprising 15,000,000 hectares. — And finally 3,900,000 small properties comprising 15,000,000 hectares (900,000 paying from 25 to 50 francs tax, averaging five and one-half hectares each, and 3,000,000 paying less than 25 francs, averaging three and one ninth hectares each). — According to the partial statement of de Tocqueville the number of holders of real property had increased, on the average, to five-twelfths; the population, at the same time, having increased five-thirteenths (from 26 to 36 millions).