active particles, of which the different kinds are
in different states of equilibrium, these are minerals,
inorganic substances, marble, lime, air, water and
coal.[14] I form humus out of this, “I sow peas,
beans and cabbages;” plants find their nourishment
in the humus, and “I find my nourishment in
the plants.” At every meal, within me,
and through me, inanimate matter becomes animate; “I
convert it into flesh. I animalize it.
I render it sensitive.” It harbors latent,
imperfect sensibility rendered perfect and made manifest.
Organization is the cause, and life and sensation
are the effects; I need no spiritual monad to account
for effects since I am in possession of the cause.
“Look at this egg, with which all schools of
theology and all the temples of the earth can be overthrown.
What is this egg? An inanimate mass previous
to the introduction of the germ. And what is
it after the introduction of the germ? An insensible
mass, an inert fluid.” Add heat to it, keep
it in an oven, and let the operation continue of itself,
and we have a chicken, that is to say, “sensibility,
life, memory, conscience, passions and thought.”
That which you call soul is the nervous center in
which all sensitive chords concentrate. Their
vibrations produce sensations; a quickened or reviving
sensation is memory; our ideas are the result of sensations,
memory and signs. Matter, accordingly, is not
the work of an intelligence, but matter, through its
own arrangement, produces intelligence. Let
us fix intelligence where it is, in the organized
body; we must not detach it from its support to perch
it in the sky on an imaginary throne. This disproportionate
conception, once introduced into our minds, ends in
perverting the natural play of our sentiments, and,
like a monstrous parasite, abstracts for itself all
our substance.[15] The first interest of a sane person
is to get rid of it, to discard every superstition,
every “fear of invisible powers."[16] —
Then only can he establish a moral order of things
and distinguish “the natural law.”
The sky consisting of empty space, we have no need
to seek commands from on high. Let us look down
to the ground; let us consider man in himself, as
he appears in the eyes of the naturalist, namely,
an organized body, a sensitive animal possessing wants,
appetites and instincts. Not only are these
indestructible but they are legitimate. Let us
throw open the prison in which prejudice confines
them; let us give them free air and space; let them
be displayed in all their strength and all will go
well. According to Diderot,[17] a lasting marriage
is an abuse, being “the tyranny of a man who
has converted the possession of a woman into property.”
Purity is an invention and conventional, like a dress;[18]
happiness and morals go together only in countries
where instinct is sanctioned; as in Tahiti, for instance,
where marriage lasts but a month, often only a day,
and sometimes a quarter of an hour, where, in the