Of the names in this list of whale authors only those following Owen ever saw living whales; and but one of them was a real professional harpooneer and whaleman.  I mean Captain Scoresby.  On the separate subject of the Greenland or right-whale, he is the best existing authority.  But Scoresby knew nothing and says nothing of the great sperm whale, compared with which the Greenland whale is almost unworthy mentioning.  And here be it said, that the Greenland whale is an usurper upon the throne of the seas.  He is not even by any means the largest of the whales.  Yet, owing to the long priority of his claims, and the profound ignorance which till some seventy years back, invested the then fabulous and utterly unknown sperm-whale, and which ignorance to this present day still reigns in all but some few scientific retreats and whale-ports; this usurpation has been every way complete.  Reference to nearly all the leviathanic allusions in the great poets of past days, will satisfy you that the Greenland whale, without one rival, was to them the monarch of the seas.  But the time has at last come for a new proclamation.  This is Charing Cross; hear ye! good people all,—­the Greenland whale is deposed,—­ the great sperm whale now reigneth!

There are only two books in being which at all pretend to put the living sperm whale before you, and at the same time, in the remotest degree succeed in the attempt.  Those books are Beale’s and Bennett’s; both in their time surgeons to the English South-Sea whale-ships, and both exact and reliable men.  The original matter touching the sperm whale to be found in their volumes is necessarily small; but so far as it goes, it is of excellent quality, though mostly confined to scientific description.  As yet, however, the sperm whale, scientific or poetic, lives not complete in any literature.  Far above all other hunted whales, his is an unwritten life.

Now the various species of whales need some sort of popular comprehensive classification, if only an easy outline one for the present, hereafter to be filled in all-outward its departments by subsequent laborers.  As no better man advances to take this matter in hand, I hereupon offer my own poor endeavors.  I promise nothing complete; because any human thing supposed to be complete must for that very reason infallibly be faulty.  I shall not pretend to a minute anatomical description of the various species, or—­in this space at least—­ to much of any description.  My object here is simply to project the draught of a systematization of cetology.  I am the architect, not the builder.

But it is a ponderous task; no ordinary letter-sorter in the Post-Office is equal to it.  To grope down into the bottom of the sea after them; to have one’s hands among the unspeakable foundations, ribs, and very pelvis of the world; this is a fearful thing.  What am I that I should essay to hook the nose of this leviathan!  The awful tauntings in Job might well appal me.  “Will he (the leviathan) make a covenant with thee?  Behold the hope of him is vain!  But I have swam through libraries and sailed through oceans; I have had to do with whales with these visible hands; I am in earnest; and I will try.  There are some preliminaries to settle.