of India by a peculiarly fair complexion.  They were more honourably distinguished by courage in war, and by skill in the arts of peace.  While anarchy raged from Lahore to Cape Comorin, their little territory enjoyed the blessings of repose under the guardianship of valour.  Agriculture and commerce flourished among them; nor were they negligent of rhetoric and poetry.  Many persons now living have heard aged men talk with regret of the golden days when the Afghan princes ruled in the vale of Rohilcund.

Sujah Dowlah had set his heart on adding this rich district to his own principality.  Right, or show of right, he had absolutely none.  His claim was in no respect better founded than that of Catherine to Poland, or that of the Bonaparte family to Spain.  The Rohillas held their country by exactly the same title by which he held his, and had governed their country far better than his had ever been governed.  Nor were they a people whom it was perfectly safe to attack.  Their land was indeed an open plain destitute of natural defences; but their veins were full of the high blood of Afghanistan.  As soldiers, they had not the steadiness which is seldom found except in company with strict discipline; but their impetuous valour had been proved on many fields of battle.  It was said that their chiefs, when united by common peril, could bring eighty thousand men into the field.  Sujah Dowlah had himself seen them fight, and wisely shrank from a conflict with them.  There was in India one army, and only one, against which even those proud Caucasian tribes could not stand.  It had been abundantly proved that neither tenfold odds, nor the martial ardour of the boldest Asiatic nations, could avail ought against English science and resolution.  Was it possible to induce the Governor of Bengal to let out to hire the irresistible energies of the imperial people, the skill against which the ablest chiefs of Hindostan were helpless as infants, the discipline which had so often triumphed over the frantic struggles of fanaticism and despair, the unconquerable British courage which is never so sedate and stubborn as towards the close of a doubtful and murderous day?

This was what the Nabob Vizier asked, and what Hastings granted.  A bargain was soon struck.  Each of the negotiators had what the other wanted.  Hastings was in need of funds to carry on the government of Bengal, and to send remittances to London; and Sujah Dowlah had an ample revenue.  Sujah Dowlah was bent on subjugating the Rohillas; and Hastings had at his disposal the only force by which the Rohillas could be subjugated.  It was agreed that an English army should be lent to the Nabob Vizier, and that, for the loan, he should pay four hundred thousand pounds sterling, besides defraying all the charge of the troops while employed in his service.