boroughs, that their liveries outshone those of dukes,
that their coaches were finer than that of the Lord
Mayor, that the examples of their large and ill-governed
households corrupted half the servants in the country,
that some of them, with all their magnificence, could
not catch the tone of good society, but, in spite of
the stud and the crowd of menials, of the plate and
the Dresden china, of the venison and the Burgundy,
were still low men; these were things which excited,
both in the class from which they had sprung and in
the class into which they attempted to force themselves,
the bitter aversion which is the effect of mingled
envy and contempt. But when it was also rumoured
that the fortune which had enabled its possessor to
eclipse the Lord Lieutenant on the race-ground, or
to carry the county against the head of a house as
old as Domesday Book, had been accumulated by violating
public faith, by deposing legitimate princes, by reducing
whole provinces to beggary, all the higher and better
as well as all the low and evil parts of human nature
were stirred against the wretch who had obtained by
guilt and dishonour the riches which he now lavished
with arrogant and inelegant profusion. The unfortunate
Nabob seemed to be made up of those foibles against
which comedy has pointed the most merciless ridicule,
and of those crimes which have thrown the deepest
gloom over tragedy, of Turcaret and Nero, of Monsieur
Jourdain and Richard the Third. A tempest of
execration and derision, such as can be compared only
to that outbreak of public feeling against the Puritans
which took place at the time of the Restoration, burst
on the servants of the Company. The humane man
was horror-struck at the way in which they had got
their money, the thrifty man at the way in which they
spent it. The Dilettante sneered at their want
of taste. The Maccaroni black-balled them as
vulgar fellows. Writers the most unlike in sentiment
and style, Methodists and libertines, philosophers
and buffoons, were for once on the same side.
It is hardly too much to say that, during a space
of about thirty years, the whole lighter literature
of England was coloured by the feelings which we have
described. Foote brought on the stage an Anglo-Indian
chief, dissolute, ungenerous, and tyrannical, ashamed
of the humble friends of his youth, hating the aristocracy,
yet childishly eager to be numbered among them, squandering
his wealth on pandars and flatterers, tricking out
his chairmen with the most costly hot-house flowers,
and astounding the ignorant with jargon about rupees,
lacs, and jaghires. Mackenzie, with more delicate
humour, depicted a plain country family raised by
the Indian acquisitions of one of its members to sudden
opulence, and exciting derision by an awkward mimicry
of the manners of the great. Cowper, in that
lofty expostulation which glows with the very spirit
of the Hebrew poets, placed the oppression of India
foremost in the list of those national crimes for