[Footnote 9112:  The savagery of the ancient inhabitants of the mainland is strongly marked in the narrative of Hanno (Periplus, passim).]

[Footnote 9113:  As Heeren (As.  Nat. ii. 71, 75, 239).]

[Footnote 9114:  Ezek. xxvii. 15, 20, 23.]

[Footnote 9115:  See 1 Kings x. 22; 2 Chr. ix. 21.]

[Footnote 9116:  1 Kings ix. 26, 27.]

[Footnote 9117:  Ibid. x. 11; 2 Chr. ix. 10.]

[Footnote 9118:  Gen. x. 29.  Compare Twistleton, in Dr. Smith’s Dictionary of the Bible, vol. ii. ad voc.  OPHIR.]

[Footnote 9119:  Ps. lxxii. 15; Ezek. xxvii. 22; Strab. xvi. 4, Sec. 18; Diod.  Sic. ii. 50.]

[Footnote 9120:  Ezel. l.s.c.; Strab. xvi. 4, Sec. 20.]

[Footnote 9121:  There are no sufficient data for determining what tree is intended by the almug or algum tree.  The theory which identifies it with the “sandal-wood” of India has respectable authority in its favour, but cannot rise beyond the rank of a conjecture.]

[Footnote 9122:  If Scylax of Cadyanda could sail, in the reign of Darius Hystaspis, from the mouth of the Indus to the Gulf of Suez (Herod. iv. 44), there could have been no great difficulty in the Phoenicians accomplishing the same voyage in the opposite direction some centuries earlier.]

X—­MINING

[Footnote 101:  Diod.  Sic. v. 35, Sec. 2.]

[Footnote 102:  Brugsch, History of Egypt, i. 65; Birch, Ancient Egypt, p. 65.]

[Footnote 103:  Deut. viii. 7-9.]

[Footnote 104:  Plin. H.  N. xxxiv. 2:—­“In Cypro proma aeris inventio.”  The story went, that Cinryas, the Paphian king, who gave Agamemnon his breastplate of steel, gold, and tin (Hom. Il. xii. 25), invented the manufacture of copper, and also invented the tongs, the hammer, the lever, and the anvil (Plin. H.  N. vii. 56, Sec. 195).]

[Footnote 105:  Strab. xiv. 6, Sec. 5; Steph.  Byz. ad voc. {Tamasos}.]

[Footnote 106:  See the Dictionary of Gk. and Rom.  Geography, i. 729.]

[Footnote 107:  Ross, Inselnreise, iv. 157, 161.]

[Footnote 108:  Plin. H.  N. l.s.c.]

[Footnote 109:  Herod. vi. 47.]

[Footnote 1010:  Plin. H.  N. vi. 56; Strab. xiv. 5, Sec. 28.]

[Footnote 1011:  See the description of Thasos in the Geographie Universelle, i. 142.]

[Footnote 1012:  Herod. vii. 112; Aristot. De Ausc.  Mir. Sec. 42; Thuc. iv. 105; Diod.  Sic. xvi. 8; App. Bell.  Civ. iv. 105; Justin, viii. 3; Plin. H.  N. vii. 56, &c.]

[Footnote 1013:  Col.  Leake speaks of one silver mine as still being worked (Northern Greece, iii. 161).]

[Footnote 1014:  Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l’Art, iv. 99.]

[Footnote 1015:  Ibid. p. 100, note.]